核安全獨立監管的路徑選擇

Selecting the Way of Independent Regulation on Nuclear Safety

提高核安全水平需要強化核安全監管的獨立性。核安全監管獨立性的本質是核安全監管機構能夠在不受其他主體的不當影響下就核安全相關問題做出決定，並有能力履行規定的核安全監管職責。核安全獨立監管的法理基礎是核安全問題的專業性要求、政監分离的原則和監管政策穩定性的需求。核安全監管機構根據其設置模式主要分為與傳統行政部門合並的核安全監管機構、隸屬於傳統行政部門的核安全監管機構和獨立於傳統行政部門的核安全監管機構。核安全監管機構的獨立性是一個相對概念。提高我國核安全監管機構的獨立性，需要制定核安全法明確其法律地位，規定其統一行使核安全監管權，並將其設為直屬於國務院的核安全監管機構或部門（委）以提高其行政級別。

In order to improve the level of nuclear safety, it is necessary to enhance the independence of regulation on nuclear safety. The nature of independence is that nuclear safety regulatory body can make decisions and take regulatory measures on nuclear safety issues without undue intervention of other bodies. And the legal basis of that independence includes the professional requirements, the principle of the separation of policymakers with regulators and the demand of stability of the regulatory policies. The nuclear regulatory body may be combined with the traditional administrative department, or belonging to the traditional executive branch or be independent from the traditional executive branch. The independence of nuclear safety regulatory body is a relative conception. The way to enhance the independence of China’s nuclear safety regulatory body includes defining its legal status and authorizing it to exercise the nuclear safety regulatory powers uniformly by enacting the nuclear safety law, and improving its administrative level by setting it under the State Council directly as an agency or a department (committee).