核事故的賠償問題

The Compensation Issue on Nuclear Accidents

日本《原子能賠償法》規定原子能經營者對核事故承擔絕對責任與無限責任。因此，核事故發生最大的問題就是賠償範圍。在這次事故中，雖然因放射能引起的健康損害還沒有現實出現，但是，為避難產生的精神損害、財產損害，對土地建筑物損害，對農業、漁業的損害，謠傳損害，清除污染的費用等，賠償數額巨大。因此，如何確保賠償資金是重中之重的問題。法律規定的保險等措施（1,200億日元）是遠遠不夠的。日本的《原子能賠償法》沒有規定國家的賠償責任，國家構建了原子能損害賠償支援機構，對該機構交付國債支援賠償。

Nuclear Damage Compensation Act in Japan provides absolute and unlimited liability of the operator of a nuclear installation. Therefore the main problem in a case of an accident is not whether the operator is liable or not, but the scope of the nuclear damages. In the nuclear accident in Fukushima damages to agricultural products and fishery or other businesses, damages to lands and houses, damages caused by evacuation, costs of decontamination are to be compensated. If injury to human body caused by exposure to radioactive substances is confirmed in the future, the damages thereof will be also compensated. The aggregate sum of damages will be huge that the financial security of 120 billion yen provided in the Act is not enough. Therefore intervention of the state becomes necessary. The state has established and funded an organization to support the compensation.