論轉基因作物及食品監管的立法原則

Principles of Legislation for Regulating Genetically Modified Crops and Food

在轉基因技術風險不確定的情形下，無論是美國的“可靠科學原則”，還是歐盟的“預防原則”，均不能令人信服。轉基因作物及食品的立法與監管，應遵循公共利益優先、保護消費者的知情權、統一監管機構、國家利益與商業利益結合以及風險全程監控的基本原則。我國當下的轉基因作物和食品立法，在層級上較低，應制定《基因技術法》或《國家生物安全法》，重點關注對轉基因食品消費者知情權以及我國基因資源的保護；同時，應加強轉基因作物和食品的監管和風險評估，對違法者苛以更重的民事責任和刑事責任。

With the uncertainty of risks brought by transgenic technology, neither the scientific-based principle in the US nor the precautionary principle in EU is convincing. The legislation and regulation for genetically modified crops and food shall follow the fundamental principles of considering public interest in priority, protecting consumers’ rights to information, unifying regulatory organizations, balancing the national interests and commercial interests, and monitoring from “farm to table”. China should enact Gene Technology Act or National Biosecurity Act based on those fundamental principles, especially to protect consumers’ rights to information as well as national gene resources. Meanwhile, China shall strengthen the regulatory system and risk assessment on genetically modified crops and food, and aggravate civil and criminal liability for misfeasor.