試論我國專利政策：特徵、問題與改革構想

Discussion on Patent Policy in China: Characteristics, Problems and Reform Proposals

專利政策基於國家專利制度產生，執行著制度設計和法律規則的彈性，因國家發展而表現出較大的差異。我國專利政策受國家傳統文化影響，具有非強制和預期性等基本特徵，對國家經濟、技術和社會發展具有多重貢獻。創新驅動發展新形勢下，我國專利政策的功能與定位尚不明晰，經濟貢獻與社會價值未能充分釋放，專利政策協同效應不足，基礎理論與經濟學研究缺乏，對市場實施科學干預的方式有待優化。對此，迫切需要構築更加具有競爭活力的專利政策體系，開展針對專利政策的理論與經濟學研究，醞釀與創新驅動相適應的體制機制改革。

Patent policy is based on the patent system, which performs the flexibility of the system and the law, and shows a strong difference across different countries. China's patent policy contributes a lot to national economy, technology and social development, but still affected by the traditional culture. Under the background of China innovation driven strategy, the function of patent policy is not clear, the economic contribution as well as its social value has not fully released, the synergy effect is not accumulated, the basic theory and the economic research is insufficient, and the intervention way to the market should be optimized. It is urgent to build a more competitive and dynamic patent policy system, to carry out the theoretical and empirical research on patent policy, and to reform China’s system to adapt new development strategy.