金融隱私權法律保護問題探析

Study on the Legal Protection Problems of the Financial Privacy

隨著金融行業和資訊技術的飛速發展，在傳統的隱私權基礎上也發展出了一項新型權利，即金融隱私權。特別是在金融機構提供的金融服務專案中，金融客戶必須提供基本的金融資訊，這樣一來金融機構就可以收集到大量客戶的金融隱私資訊，這些金融隱私資訊通常具有明顯的財產屬性，繼而成為金融機構重要的商業資源。金融機構憑藉其在金融交易中的明顯強勢地位，很有可能在未經客戶允許的情況下將其獲取的金融隱私資訊非法公開、使用或傳遞，使得客戶的金融隱私權時刻面臨被侵犯的危險，因而金融隱私權法律保護問題日益突出，已經成為社會高度關注的問題。在通過對金融隱私權基本理論的闡述，結合我國目前相關法律保護制度的同時，對比國外金融隱私權法律保護的先進經驗並揚長避短，為我國的金融隱私權法律保護的完善提出合理建議。

With the financial industry and information technology rapidly developing, a new type of rights the right to financial privacy is created on the basis of the traditional right of privacy. When using financial services provided by financial institutions, in particular, customers have to provide their basic financial information. Through this way, financial institutions can collect a large amount of financial privacy information of their customers, which further can become valuable commercial resources. By virtue of their obviously strong positions in financial transactions, financial institutions are highly likely to illegally disclose, use or deliver the obtained information without the permit of their customers, which puts those customers' rights to financial privacy in danger of being easily violated. Thus, it can be observed that legal protection problems of the right to privacy have become increasingly prominent, which have already been regarded as a big social concern. By means of illuminating the basic theory of the right to financial privacy, combining that with China's current legal protection system, and also, referring to advanced foreign experience on the legal protection of the right to financial privacy, this paper seeks to put forward some reasonable proposals for the improvement of China’s current protection of the right to financial privacy.