論民法典與我國私法的發展

民法典是大陸法系私法發展的最高形式與必經階段。民法典在發展私法的過程中存有諸多悖論。為克服民法典與私法發展的悖論，民法典應該保持開放性。民事單行法律與民法典並行是民法典編纂過程中的一個普遍現象，民法典的內容應該以宣示權利與保護權利的價值標準來處理民法典與民事單行法律的關系。為使民法典的內容能夠適應不斷變化的社會生活的需要，民法典應該進行原則概念式的立法。但在概念的立法中，應該盡量避免在法典中對概念進行定義。為保持民法典的開放性，應該保持民法典淵源的多樣性。在法典中，應該確立民事習慣與法理的淵源地位。民法典總則的設立有利於保持民法典的開放性，我國民法典總則應該按照權利主體、權利客體、權利行為、權利行使與權利保護的邏輯結構來建立。

Civil code is the supreme form and unavoidable process in the evolution of the private law in Continental law system. There are ambivalent points of views existing in the civil code in process of the private law’s development. In order to overcome such contradictions, civil code should keep its open character. Coexistence of the separate civil statutes and civil code is very common in the process of the codification of civil law, we should treat the relationship between civil code and the separate civil statutes under the value orientation in which the content of civil code is to declare the right and to protect right. In order to make the content of the civil code adapt to the change of social life, civil code should carry out principle-concept legislation. But in the concept legislation, definition to the concept should be avoided. To keep the open character of the civil code, keeping the diversity of the sources of civil code is necessary and the status of civil custom and legal theory should be established in civil code. Setting up the general principle of civil code is in favor of keeping the open character of civil code, Chinese civil code should be built under the logical structure of subject of right, object of right, action of right, exercise of right and protection of right.