歐加《全面經濟貿易協定》投資規則的特點及影響

Investment Rules in CETA: Innovative Characteristics and Possible Influence

《全面經濟貿易協定》(CETA)是歐盟簽訂的第一份包含投資保護規則的國際協定。其投資規則既超越傳統歐式協定，又不盲從美式協定，在市場准入、國民待遇、最惠國待遇、公平公正待遇、徵收等實體標準以及可仲裁事項範圍、磋商、仲裁庭組成、透明度、費用承擔等程序規則方面均有創新和特色。作為新一代投資協定的代表之一，CETA在理念、模式和規則等層面對國際投資規則發展包括正在進行的中歐、美歐、中美投資協定談判可能產生影響。

CETA is the first international investment agreement concluded by the EU. Beyond traditional European BITs and U. S BITs, the Investment chapter of CETA has its own innovative characteristics, in respects of substantive standards such as market access, national treatment, MFN treatment, fair and equitable treatment and expropriation, as well as procedural rules such as scope of claims to arbitration, consultations, constitution of tribunals, transparency and bearing of costs. It may influence the development of international investment rules, including the ongoing China-EU BIT and China-U. S. BIT negotiations and the TTIP negotiation, from aspects of basic idea, general approach and specific rules.