中歐BIT的“負面清單”研究：由來、變遷與展望

“Negative List” in Sino-EU BIT： Origins, Evolution and Prospects

中歐BIT談判是中國正在推進的中美BIT談判之外的另一項重大談判，並可能對構建以中國為中心的雙邊和地區性的經貿規則產生重大影響。雖然中歐BIT與中美BIT均是在准入前國民待遇和“負面清單”的基礎上談判的，但是歐盟希望將市場准入等問題也納入BIT，加上歐盟與其成員國之間的雙層體制，使中歐BIT的“負面清單”比中美BIT的“負面清單”更為複雜。雖然中國和歐盟均未在BIT中採用過“負面清單”模式，但是研究歐盟與韓國、加拿大達成的FTA相關內容及歐盟在TTIP談判中的有關訴求，將有助於我們對中歐BIT“負面清單”談判中涉及的重要問題的利弊分析、得失計算和攻防策略的研判。長遠看，中歐BIT的“負面清單”規定還可能對構建新一代國際經貿規則產生一定影響。

The Sino-EU BIT is another important BIT negotiation in progress besides the Sino-U. S. BIT advanced by China, and may have a significant impact on the development of China-led bilateral and regional investment rules. Although the Sino-EU BIT is negotiated on the basis of pre-establishment national treatment and “negative list” similar to that of the Sino-U. S. BIT, the “negative list” of the Sino-EU BIT shall be more complicated than that of the Sino-U. S. BIT due to the EU’s intention to adopt market access into the BIT and the particular two-tier legal system under the EU’s framework. Since China and the EU have not adopted the “negative list” mode in the BIT yet, the studies on crucial demands of the EU in the TTIP’s negotiations as well as on the relevant provisions of the EU-Korea FTA of 2010 and the EU-Canada FTA of 2014 shall be beneficial for us to prepare for the “negative list” negotiations under the Sino-EU BIT. Furthermore, the “negative list” of the Sino-EU BIT might have some impacts on the development of a new generation of international investment rules.