3D列印犯罪工具研究

Study on the 3D Printed Instruments of Crime

3D列印槍支、信用卡、鑰匙等事例凸顯3D列印的刑事犯罪風險，影響3D列印產業健康發展。3D資料模型和3D列印物品均可能被犯罪工具化運用，犯罪隱患橫跨資訊與實物兩個領域。現有刑法理論偏重於將犯罪工具理解為實物，不能滿足3D資料模型的資訊規制需要。《刑法》對犯罪工具作了犯罪構成必備要件和選擇性要件兩種規定，罪狀有極強的彈性和包容性，並通過作為、不作為、持有三類危害行為的規制防範3D列印犯罪工具。《刑法修正案（九）》強化資訊管理刑事立法，新設罪名填補立法漏洞，對預防3D列印犯罪工具有深遠意義。

3D printing guns, credit cards, keys and other examples highlight the criminal risk of 3D printing, impact on the healthy development of 3D printing industry. 3D data model and 3D print items are likely to be used by the tool of crime. The information and material object of 3D printing contain crime risk. The existing criminal theory proposal that criminal instrument is material object, which can not meet the needs of information regulation on 3D data model. The Criminal Law of the people's Republic of China stipulates that criminal instrument have two kinds: the essential elements of crime and selective elements of crime. This kind of legislative model has a strong flexibility and tolerance. The Criminal Law regulated action, omission, holding to prevent criminal instrument of the 3D printing. Amendment (IX) to the Criminal Law strengthened criminal legislation of information, new charges to fill the legislative loopholes. It is of far-reaching significance for preventing 3D printing criminal instrument.