3D列印人體器官可專利性研究

The Patentability of 3D Printed Human Organs

3D列印人體器官技術是3D列印技術與生物技術的有機結合。該技術近年來發展迅速，在解決生命科學中諸多問題的同時，也引發了社會倫理問題，並且其獲得專利授權的正當性面臨挑戰。將3D列印人體器官的法律屬性界定為人格物，是對其存在的倫理風險的化解之道。3D列印所得到的人體器官本身及其方法具有可專利性，在適用專利“三性”授權標準時應當體現該技術的特殊性。我國應當對制定生物技術領域的專利授權政策採取積極態度，但又需對審查標準嚴加把握，以緩解專利授權中技術發展與倫理規範之間的矛盾。

3D printing human organ technology is an organic combination of 3D printing technology and biotechnology. This technology has developed rapidly in recent years, and it has also raised the issue of social ethics in the process of solving the problem of life science. The patentability of the technology faces challenge. The legal attribute of 3D printing organs, which should be deemed as property with personality, is to resolve the ethical risks. The human organs acquired by 3D printing and its method are patentability, and the application of novelty, non-obviousness and usefulness standards should reflect its special nature. Our country should develop biotechnology patent protection policy with a positive attitude, but need a strict patent standard, in order to alleviate the contradiction between technology development and ethics in the field of patent granting.