榮民海峽兩岸定居經驗之研究

A Study of Veterans’Settlement Experiences in both sides of the Strait

本研究之目的在探討榮民居住台灣之心理感受、榮民返鄉定居時之感想、在大陸長居之生活狀況及放棄大陸長居返台之原因，研究結果可作為政府相關單位對於榮民返鄉居住服務參考。研究方法採質性研究深度訪談為主要研究方法，研究範圍僅以退輔會所屬00地區00安養機構中因故放棄長期居住大陸地區，返回臺灣00地區定居之資深就養榮民為研究對象，總計有九位榮民受訪。研究結果，分述如下：（一）老榮民當初撤退來台均以軍隊為家，單身孤寂，念親思鄉，但對於台灣都懷有深厚情感。（二）老榮民返鄉長居單純只為落葉歸根、樂敘天倫，而親情的連結卻建立在金錢上。（三）老榮民在大陸生活基本上衣食無慮，部份娶妻建房，金援親人後輩。（四）老榮民放棄大陸長居主因為天氣寒冷、醫療不足、家財散盡等因素。研究建議有三大面向：一是建構榮民心理衛生網絡（榮民心理衛生個案管理等）；二是推展大陸長居業務（建立積極性協助就養榮民返台機制等）；三是榮民安養機構實務發展（提供二次在地老化全人照顧服務等）。

The purpose of the research is to explore the veterans’ feeling in living Taiwan, back to settle in hometown, the status of long stay in mainland China, and the reasons they gave up staying there for long term living but went back to Taiwan. The research results would be references for relevant authorities that they take measures to take care of the veterans’ livelihood. The research is the in-depth interview of the qualitative method, the research scope is limited only to those senior veterans in long-term care at certain nursing home of Veterans Affairs Commission, Executive Yuan who have given up long-time living in mainland China but went back to settle in Kaohsiung area. The samples have nine interviewers. The research results found that though the unmarried and lonely veterans have taken the army as their homes since they retreated to Taiwan and missed their hometown, they all deeply disposed to Taiwan, the senior veterans went back to their hometown only for the reason as “falling leaves return to roots”, “happily reunion with family”, but the connection of family feeling was based on money, when back to hometown, the livelihood of those senior veterans were mostly out of question, part of them get married and built houses, or even supported their relatives and inferiors with money, the main reasons they gave up living there were the cold weather, inadequate medical care , family and finance broken and so on. The suggestions have three dimensions, the first is that we have to constructure the mental health network for veterans. The second is that we should promote the business of veterans’ long stay in mainland China. the third is that we should develop the practice of the long term care institutions for veterans.