後堆伯公信仰之調查研究－－以義亭村為例

Research on the Bag Gung Religion in Neipu Township-Take Yiting Village as an Example

本文以屏東縣內埔鄉所在的客家庄義亭村之伯公信仰為主軸，調查研究該村伯公信仰與祭祀活動所反映出的社會變遷。研究方法為蒐集整理文獻史料，再實際走訪義亭村各伯公廟，參與該村伯公祭祀活動，並訪問地方耆老和村長等人，進而剖析所有相關資料，以期耙梳素來被視為神格低、卻最基層的地方伯公信仰及其組織活動之特質。依據研究結果，義亭村伯公信仰的特性可歸納出以下三項：1、雙福橋伯公廟位在義亭與興南兩村的交界，於兩村各自辦理伯公祭祀活動時皆被迎請參加，享有兩村的香火，此係緣於義亭村在戰後從興南村劃分出來的歷史地理背景。2、義亭村雖是小村，迄今仍然維持一年兩次拜伯公的祭祀活動，而祈平安福時拜好兄弟的儀式，並未見於內埔其他客家村，加上完太平清福時的渡孤，在在顯示該村十分注重民間所謂的孤魂之祭拜，此舉可能與該村崇拜忠勇公的現象有關。3、義亭村藉由伯公祭祀活動的結壇處設在聖母廟、主辦單位祈福會復會之後的會員由聖母廟委員兼任、祈福會亦負責忠勇公的祭祀、聖母廟補助伯公與忠勇公的祭拜經費等方面的運作，將該村信仰神祇媽祖、伯公與忠勇公結合成一個緊密的民間信仰網絡，可視為義亭村因應台灣社會變遷，永續傳承地方信仰的變通方式。

This study focuses on how the Bag Gung religion and its worshiping events reflect the social changes in the Yiting Hakka Village, located at Neipu Township, Pingtung County. The research methods used in this study are firstly to research and find out relevant documents and archives. Secondly, visit each Bag Gung temple in person and participate the worshipping events in Yiting Village. Lastly, interview some local seniors and the mayor to justify the relevant data. This study aims at clarifying the local Bag Gung religion, which is usually regarded as the fundamental genealogy of the gods with a low position, as well as the features of its organization. According to the result, the features of the Bag Gung religion in Yiting Village can be classified into three part: (1) The Bag Gung temple near the Shuang-fu Bridge which is at the middle of Yiting Village and Xingna Village. Whenever which of the village holds a worshipping event, the Bag Gung will be invited and worshipped by both villagers. After the war, Yiting was separated from Xingna. This division is related to the historical and geographical background.(2) Though Yiting is a small village, it still holds the traditional events worshipping the Bag Gung twice a year. It is especially unique that Yiting Village worships the ghosts at the same time, which is not seen in other Hakka Villages in Neipu. In addition, Yiting Village will celebrate Ghost Day Festival right after the ceremony of showing the gratitude to the God. These evidences show that Yiting Village puts a great emphasis on worshipping the ghosts, which might result from their admiring to Zhong-Yong Gong (a symbol of those who died in the wars loyally and bravely).(3) Yiting Village integrates Goddness Mazu, the Bag Gung and Zhong-Yong Gong together into a close folk religious networking because the worship stand is set in the Mazu temple; the members of the host worshipping organization are also the commissioners in the Mazu temple and the Bag Gung and Zhong-Yong Gong as well. These evidences can be viewed as an alternative for Yiting Village to pass down their local religion to their offspring.