護理人員工作壓力、因應策略與幸福感相關性之探討

A Study on Work Stress, Stress-Coping Strategies and Well-being among Hospital Nurses

護理人員工作壓力呈現多方面，其因應策略的表現是否影響護理人員的幸福感，三者關係值得探究。本研究探討護理人員工作壓力、因應策略與幸福感的關係。採橫斷式調查方式，以屏東縣市五家地區醫院為主要母群體，採集束抽樣方法選出2家醫院護理人員為研究對象。研究工具採用工作壓力、因應策略與主觀幸福感量表，CVI為0.86-0.96，Cronbach’s α為0.93-0.96。發出問卷422份，有效問卷370份，回收率87.6%。以SPSS 18.0 for windows套裝軟體進行資料分析。研究結果：護理人員工作壓力平均值為4.16±.77分，因應策略為4.04±.71分，主觀幸福感為3.30±.59分。護理人員工作壓力與因應策略呈低度正相關；工作壓力與主觀幸福感呈低度負相關；因應策略與主觀幸福感呈中度正相關。護理人員工作壓力、因應策略與主觀幸福感各年齡群及教育程度皆有顯著差異，以31-35歲工作壓力及因應策略最高，40歲以上者主觀幸福感最高。大學教育程度護理人員工作壓力較大，因應策略最低，幸福感最低。職稱除護士感到幸福感高於護理師外，其餘無顯著差異。工作單位中因應策略與主觀幸福感有顯著差異；因應策略及幸福感以外科高於內科單位工作者。工作年資中因應策略與主觀幸福感有顯著差異；其中因應策略以6～10年資高於11～20年資者；主觀幸福感得分在1～5年資及超過21年資者高於6～10年資者。研究發現建議除了創造良好的組織氣氛、合理的護理人力配置、加強自我的肯定外，提供面對壓力的因應策略，提升護理人員在身體心理生活上滿意及幸福感。

Nurses working in hospital face tremendous stress from multiple sources. The effect of nurse stress-coping strategies on continued professional well-being development is an issue worth exploring further. This study explored relationships among nurses’ work stress, stress-coping strategies and well-being. This cross-sectional study collected data using a four-part questionnaire addressing demographic, work stress, stress-coping strategies and well-being scale data, The CVI were 0.86-0.96, Cronbach’s alphas were .93-.96.Participants included nurses at two district hospitals in Pingtung. Of 422 questionnaires sent to hospital nurses, 370 (87.6%) were returned and used in analysis. Researchers used SPSS 18.0 for windows software for statistical analysis. Results found the mean score in relation to the dimension of “work stress” was 4.16(SD=.77),and the mean score in relation to the dimension of “stress-coping strategies” was 4.04(SD=.71) and the mean score in relation to the dimension of “well-being”was 3.30(SD=.59). We found a significant positive correlation between working stress and stress-coping strategies; significant negative correlation between work stress and subjective well-being; significant positive correlation between stress-coping strategies and subjective well-being. Nursing work stress, stress- coping strategies and well-being level varies in different e age group and educational attainment. In the 31-35 year-old age group, the work stress and coping strategies were at the highest. In the above 40 year-old age group, well-being was the highest. University educated nurses work stress, coping strategies and well-being were lowest. In addition, nurses with LPN titles had higher well-being score than with RN titles. The other has no significant difference. In the workplace, stress-coping strategies and well-being have significant differences. Surgical unit workers in stress-coping strategies and well-being were higher than medical unit workers. In the Working years, stress-coping strategies and well-being have significant differences; in stress-coping strategies, 6-10 working years were higher than 11-20 working years, in well-being, 1-5 working years and over 21 working years were higher than 6-10 working years. Findings show other than creating a good organizational climate. In addition to, self-affirmation incentives and a reasonable workload are essential to help the nurses in the physical and psychological life satisfaction, and feel a sense of well-being.