客家族群中老年人慢性病認知、態度及自我照顧行為及其相關因素之探討－－以屏東地區為例

The Correlations among the Chronic Disease Perceptions, the Attitudes and Self-care Behaviors in Hakka Middle-aged and Elderly People: A Case of Pingtung

本研目的在探討客家族群之中老年人對於慢性病的認知、態度和自我照顧行為。採橫斷式研究設計，以屏東縣內埔、竹田、萬巒、長治，四個客家鄉之客家族群中老年人為對象，採結構式問卷面對面訪談收集資料，以SPSS for Window 15.0套裝軟體進行分析。研究人數共405人，平均年齡70.63 ± 10.66歲；研究結果顯示：罹患有慢性疾病者佔66.3%，其中以高血壓為最多(35.6%)。顯著影響客家族群中老年人慢性病認知的因素有年齡(F=9.05，p < .001)、教育程度(F=9.09，p < .001)、宗教信仰(t=2.81，p < .05)、居住狀況(t=4.21，p < .001)。顯著影響客家族群中老年人慢性病態度的因素有兩項：目前工作狀況(t=7.21，p < .001)、有無罹患慢性病(t=12.97，p < .001)。顯著影響客家族群中老年人慢性病自我照顧行為的是性別，女性的自我照顧行為高於男性(t=4.45，P< .05)。有罹患慢性病者「慢性病的認知」與「慢性病的態度」(r=140，P <.05)呈顯著正相關；「慢性病的態度」與「慢性病自我照顧行為」(r=139，P <.05)呈顯著正相關。建構客家族群中老年人慢性病自我照顧行為的預測模式最重要的預測因子是宗教信仰(F值 =8.09，P = <.05)，對中老年慢性病自我照顧行為的總解釋力為3.6%。本研究期能提供地方性資料於相關客家族群之衛生行政單位作為屏東縣客家族群中老年疾病防治決策的參考。

This study investigated the correlation the knowledge in chronic disease, attitude, and self-care behavior among middle-aged adults and elderly of Hakka tribe in southern Taiwan. The cross-sectional study design and the convenience sampling were used to obtain representative samples in Neipu, Zhutian, Wanluan, and Changzhi Townships. There were 405 Hakka middle-aged adults and elderly (mean: 70.63 ± 10.66 years old) involved in this study for the structured questionnaire survey. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 15.0 for Windows. The overall proportion of patients with chronic disease was 66.3%. The predominant chronic disease was hypertension (35.6%). The significant correlates of the knowledge in chronic disease were the age (F=9.05, p< .001), the education degree (F=9.09, p< .001), the religion (t=2.81, p< .05), and the living situation (t=4.21, p< .001). The significant correlates of the attitude toward chronic disease were working condition (t=7.21, p< .001) and chronic disease (t=12.97, p< .001). The Knowledge on chronic disease was positively associated with the attitude for chronic disease (r=.140, P <.05). The Self-care behavior was positively associated with the attitude (r=.139, P <.05). Multiple stepwise regressions reveal that religion was highly related to the self-care behaviors. That could indicated 3.6% of the total variance of self-care behavior. The findings of this study could help health care providers to understand the factors associated with self-care behaviors in chronic disease among middle-aged adults and elderly of Hakka tribe.