六堆客家伙房的社會文化意涵

The Culture and Social Meaning of Luitui Hakka Huofang

六堆客家伙房建築是客家文化的載體，客家移民入台墾拓已有三百年歷史，三百年以來，六堆客家移民還保存了眾多的三合院伙房建築，可以作為客家文化的標本，甚至可以成為客家文化生活生生不息的生態博物館(Eco-museum)。本文先論述客家伙房建築格局，呈現客家民宅建築重視風水的選址觀念，尤其化胎藏風聚氣，以庇祐子孫生生不息的營建規則最為特殊，其次論述客家伙房護衛族人，並以公嘗方式照顧族人的社會福址意涵，並論述客家伙房祖德流芳，法天祭祖，從棟對楹聯表達不忘祖先，以倫理教化子孫，期勉當代族人奉獻家國社會的核心價值。台灣近五十年社會的變遷，所幸六堆地區還保存了為數不少的伙房建築，然而年輕人擁向都市，客家伙房建築文化也面臨解體的命運。論文對六堆客家伙房建築做社會文化意涵的探討，最後並以文化資產的價值論述，期勉六堆客家伙房建築的文化資產維護與保存，期待六堆客家伙房能夠將閒置空間再利用，未來成為六堆客家觀光亮麗的景點。

Liutui Hakka traditional architecture of-folk house (it’s named Huofang) have been three hundred years history. In the past, it had saved Hakka culture of traditional courtyard houses, even if been “eco-museum” for Hakka culture in life. The research discourse depart from three part. First, researcher analysis the architecture form of Hakka Huofang, presenting the “Feng sui” concepts of choose address for posterity to prosperous in the future. Second, the Huofang protected clansman and took care of social welfare for them. Finally, the Huofang have couplet to express the miss for ancestor whom have the core value of devoted social and country. Taiwan have changed in fifty years. Fortunately, Liudui had saved a lot of Huofang architecture, but young people who enter city, makeing it disintegration. The research results expect contribution for Hakka culture heritage and reuse these spaces with different ways. Finally, we hope Luitui Hakka will be attractive landscape.