馬克思青年時期的哲學共產主義之探究－－兼論運動員的傑出表現及其影響

Inquiry into the Original Marxism - Also on the outstanding performance of the athletes and their impact

本文研究目的在綜整馬克思青年時期的思想脈絡及其源起，透過歸納出的馬克思哲學共產主義的中心思想，檢視運動員傑出表現的效應及反思由傑出表現引起的影響。本文探究的哲學共產主義，就是馬克思在其青年時期所提出的思想論述，其青年時期對共產主義的看法是哲學的，是充份發展的自然主義與人本主義，是人類與自然衝突的解決之道。本文對於哲學共產主義，經過其湧現過程與內涵分析的探究後，提出其發展的主要成份要素有師承黑格爾的人的異化、經由費爾巴哈的轉型批判說、結合蒲魯東與賀斯的共產主義論述、參考自馮士坦的普勞階級概念及加上恩格斯的政治經濟批判等。本文歸納出馬克思哲學共產主義的中心思想就在個人異化及其揚棄。馬克思認為人，包括傑出的運動員與競技選手，一定要從物質生產的異化勞動中回歸到人的本身，並且要去除過往的貪婪與習以為常的惡習，進化到其所描繪完整有意識之人。而優秀運動員因其傑出表現，即其異化過程及結果，往往可以為人們帶來一種特殊的典範與榜樣，並引領風範與運動精神，如正向思考、積極參與及對自己行為負責等。但運動員也常在其達到顛峰後，因在競技場上的被神格化、商業化及為求成績突破與維持，致產生一些負面的效應。本文即是從馬克思哲學共產主義的個人異化及其揚棄觀點切入，談此類傑出運動員的表現與其正負面的影響與省思。

The purpose of this study is to comprehend youthful Marx's ideological context and its origins of Marxism by summing up the central idea of communism in Marxist philosophy. The effect of the outstanding performance of the athletes is also viewed. This article explores the original Marxism-- Marx's ideological discourse in its youth. The original Marxism is fully developed naturalism and humanism. After investigating the emerged process of Marxism, five main constituent elements of Marxism are proposed. This article summarized and drew the central idea of the original Marxism for personal alienation and its elimination as well. The alienation process and results for active participation and behavior of elite athletes often bring a special kind of an example for others. But athletes after reaching the peak often caused some negative effects due to the arena of deification, commercialization and maintain for achievement. This article is viewed as the perspective of the personal alienation of the Marxist philosophy of communism and its elimination. Finally, the study also proposed the performance of such outstanding athletes and their positive and negative impact.