外語習得中語用行為的雙向移轉現象：以道歉為例

Bi-directional Transfer in Chinese EFL Learners’ Apologizing Behavior

本研究探討外語習得中語言雙向移轉現象，也就是外語的學習者其母語與外語如何彼此相互影響，以語用行為中的道歉為測試目標。本實驗的雙語受試者為在台灣學習英語的中級和高級的學習者。研究結果發現雙向語言移轉的現象也會在外語習得的環境中發生。中級英語學習者受中語的影響，其英語的道歉行為比美國人更受到社會地位因素的影響，高級英語學習者則比美國人更傾向於向陌生人承認錯誤，及向熟人提供修復的建議，乞求原諒。反向的語言移轉較不明顯，主要發生在高級學習者上，他們受到英語的影響，其中語的道歉表現不因對方的社會地位而有所不同。本研究結果讓我們對外語學習者其母語與外語的互動有更進一步的瞭解。

The present study investigated the apologizing behavior of Chinese EFL learners in their first language (L1) and second language (L2) to address the issue of bi-directional language transfer (from L1 to L2 and from L2 to L1) in foreign language learning. Data were collected via the instrument of a written discourse completion test. Traces of cross-linguistic influence from both directions were found. As regards L1 influence on the L2, when apologizing in the L2, the intermediate EFL learners were more status-sensitive than the English native controls in their apology realizations. The advanced EFL learners were more prone to acknowledge responsibility to strangers and offer more repairs to acquaintances than the English native controls. Effects of the L2 on the L1 were less noticeable than from the other direction and were mainly observed in the advanced EFL learners. The advanced EFL learners did not vary their apology realization patterns according to the interlocutor’s relative power as Chinese native controls did when apologizing in the L1. Taken together, these results show that cross-linguistic influence can occur bi-directionally at the pragmatic level in foreign language learners. 本研究探討外語習得中語言雙向移轉現象，也就是外語的學習者其母語與外語如何彼此相互影響，以語用行為中的道歉為測試目標。本實驗的雙語受試者為在台灣學習英語的中級和高級的學習者。研究結果發現雙向語言移轉的現象也會在外語習得的環境中發生。中級英語學習者受中語的影響，其英語的道歉行為比美國人更受到社會地位因素的影響，高級英語學習者則比美國人更傾向於向陌生人承認錯誤，及向熟人提供修復的建議，乞求原諒。反向的語言移轉較不明顯，主要發生在高級學習者上，他們受到英語的影響，其中語的道歉表現不因對方的社會地位而有所不同。本研究結果讓我們對外語學習者其母語與外語的互動有更進一步的瞭解。