關於海南島北部鄉村城鎮「地方彩票」的話語分析

A Discourse Study of Conversations Concerning the Lottery in a Rural Town in Hainan Island (Southern China)

本文採用話語分析的方法研究中國南部鄉村城鎮公眾場合中發生的關於當地彩票的自然對話交流。自然對話資料採集自海南島北部石山鎮的公共場所，時長六小時。以往研究者未曾對石山方言進行過具體的語言研究。石山話是臨高語的地方方言，臨高語從屬於台語。本文重點分析交流者如何調侃他人「買獎如賭」的習慣，悲嘆個人如何與中獎機會失之交臂，八卦他人因彩票而失意或以彩票而暴富的經歷，議論彩票對理財的影響以及彩票使人成癮的本性。文中表明，有關彩票的對話常以各種修辭語言的形式出現，如比喻、反駁、象徵、調侃，及口頭對戰。這樣的對話反映了交流者將彩票活動當作一種與道德操行有微妙關係的社會活動。

The current paper presents a discourse study of conversational exchanges concerning the local lottery, emerging from ordinary conversations at public settings in Shishan Town, located on the northern Hainan Island of Southern China. The data consists of six hours of naturally occurring conversations in Shishan, a previously undocumented non-Chinese regional dialect of Lingao of the Tai-Kadai language family. The dialogues range from mockery of another speaker’s gambling habit, lamentations of lost winning opportunities, gossip of others’ mischances and fortunes with the lottery, and discussion of the financially draining and addictive nature of playing lottery. The study shows that the dialogues about the lottery coincide with various forms of rhetorical language use and speech play, such as metaphor, retorts, “signifying,” mocking, and verbal dueling. The dialogues reflect the speakers’ meta-awareness that participation in the lottery is a morally delicate activity. 本文採用話語分析的方法研究中國南部鄉村城鎮公眾場合中發生的關於當地彩票的自然對話交流。自然對話資料採集自海南島北部石山鎮的公共場所，時長六小時。以往研究者未曾對石山方言進行過具體的語言研究。石山話是臨高語的地方方言，臨高語從屬於台語。本文重點分析交流者如何調侃他人「買獎如賭」的習慣，悲嘆個人如何與中獎機會失之交臂，八卦他人因彩票而失意或以彩票而暴富的經歷，議論彩票對理財的影響以及彩票使人成癮的本性。文中表明，有關彩票的對話常以各種修辭語言的形式出現，如比喻、反駁、象徵、調侃，及口頭對戰。這樣的對話反映了交流者將彩票活動當作一種與道德操行有微妙關係的社會活動。