閩南語和福州方言的動詞後標記

Post-Verbal Markers in Taiwanese Southern Min and Fuzhounese

本文探討帶有動詞後成分的動詞結構：閩南語「tit-結構」和福州方言的「li-結構」，是否能傳達如同普通話（國語）「得」的情態語意（如：趕得上的得）。閩南語e7/e53（會）和tit8 / li24 被視為加在動詞前後的環綴（circumfix），加上環綴的結構 [e7/e53 + V + tit8/li24] 傳達「能力／潛力（potentiality）」或「可能性（possibility)」的語意。經詞彙化，[e7/e53 + V + tit8/li24] 形成整體，能再接其他謂語，提供整體語意（constructional meaning）「許可（permission）」或「能力／潛力（potentiality）」。將e7/e53（會）和tit8/li24 的組合視為中綴（infix），緊接著主要動詞，引導補語。看似沒有真正典型動詞後情態詞的閩南語和福州方言，為了傳達情態語意（potentiality），用動詞e7/e53 或其否定式be7/me53在主要謂語之前，將tit8/li24加在主要謂語之後，是這兩大方言的重要手法。

This paper deals with the post-verbal markers in two Min dialects— TIT-construction in Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM) and LI-construction in Fuzhounese. The objective is to see if these markers have modal meanings, like de (得) in Mandarin Chinese (e.g., gan-DE-shang 趕得上, ‘to be match for’). The verb e7/e53 (會, ‘can’) and TIT8 / LI24 serves as circumfixes of verbs, and the output construction [e7/e53 + Verb + TIT8/LI24] indicates potentiality (or possibility). After undergoing lexicalization, [e7/e53 + Verb + TIT8/LI24] turns into an integral (a unity) and can be followed by other predicates. The constructional meaning is interpreted as either permission or potentiality. The combination of e7/e53 (‘can’) and TIT8/LI24 can also be an infix-like element which tails after the main verb and directs to complements. There is no real post-verbal modal word in TSM and Fuzhounese. In order to convey modality (potentiality), it is necessary to attach e7/e53 (‘can’) or its negative counterpart be7/me53 (‘cannot’) in front of the main predicate and to attach TIT8/LI24 after the main predicate. 本文探討帶有動詞後成分的動詞結構：閩南語「tit-結構」和福州方言的「li-結構」，是否能傳達如同普通話（國語）「得」的情態語意（如：趕得上的得）。閩南語e7/e53（會）和tit8 / li24 被視為加在動詞前後的環綴（circumfix），加上環綴的結構 [e7/e53 + V + tit8/li24] 傳達「能力／潛力（potentiality）」或「可能性（possibility)」的語意。經詞彙化，[e7/e53 + V + tit8/li24] 形成整體，能再接其他謂語，提供整體語意（constructional meaning）「許可（permission）」或「能力／潛力（potentiality）」。將e7/e53（會）和tit8/li24 的組合視為中綴（infix），緊接著主要動詞，引導補語。看似沒有真正典型動詞後情態詞的閩南語和福州方言，為了傳達情態語意（potentiality），用動詞e7/e53 或其否定式be7/me53在主要謂語之前，將tit8/li24加在主要謂語之後，是這兩大方言的重要手法。