德國農村教育之家運動

The Country Home School Movement in Germany

德國農村教育之家運動是一個重要的社會教育運動，這種運動並非提倡農村教育的一種運動，而是利用農村的優美環境來挽救工業社會弊病的一種新教育運動。十九世紀末期，歐洲已經工業化，人口集中於都市，為都市帶來了繁榮，但也為都市生活帶來了病態，而這些病態是工業興起以後所帶來的，於是人們開始懷念他們的故鄉－－農村。德國教育家李茲在英國教育家雷迪所辦的阿伯特斯霍爾姆新學校教了一年書，回到德國便籌設農村教育之家，這也是一種新型的學校。李茲一共設了三所初、中、高等的農村教育之家，及一所孤兒農村教育之家，一時學其設農村教育之家者頗眾，所以形成農村教育之家運動。農村教育之家的教育，突破舊傳統，採用科學的方法教學，有嚴格的作息時間表，但教師扮演的卻是學生之亦師亦友或同志的角色，儘量在幫助學生的。所以農村教育之家兼具家庭與學校的雙重角色，即以愛來教導學生，就如父母之教導子女的情形一樣，在培養學生的品格；而教師又要在教學時把知識傳授給學生，這是學校的知識教育，使學生成為有豐富學識的人。農村教育之家運動，在中歐造成很大的影響，除德國外，瑞士、英國、法國、奧國、荷蘭等受到很大的影響，北歐受影響的是瑞典。

The Country Home School Movement is an important social education movement. This movement raised in end of the nineteenth century to against the industrial society. Because the industrial society was hurtful to the people of that time. And for this sake, people remember to their home--the country. But the Country Home School Education is not country education. It is using the beautiful environment of country for education. It is a new education. The Country Home School had been established by Hermann Lietz, a German educator, was a teacher one year at Cecil Reddie’s The New School Abbotsholme in Scotland. When he came to Germany, completed his ideal, established four Country Home Schools at Ilsenburg, Haubinda, Biberstein and Veckenstedt. The another educators had inspired from Lietz established the same style of Country Home School. This movement spreaded quickly in Europe. This movement influenced the new education of Switzerland, England, French, Austria and Sweden.