社會運動理論評述

A Critical Review: The Theoretical Paradigms of Contemporary Social Movements

本文目的在於敘述社會運動理論派別的演進並評析其遍用性。社會運動理論共分三大典範：（一）以群眾社會心理學為基礎的集體行為理論；（二）以理性策略、擴大資源使用為基礎的資源動員論；以及（三）以抗拒宰制意義，重新界定社會現實為基礎的認同導向典範。經過文獻探討，我們預測未來的社會運動將以私人領域的文化防衛為重要主題，文化意義共享為主要目標，因此，認同導向典範的發展將極具潛力。

The task in this essay is twofold: (1) to compare the three competing theoretical paradigms for the study of social movements that are now dominant in the field; and (2) to show how they could inform each other, despite significant differences. The three approaches are identified: the“collective behavior”paradigm, the“resource-- mobilization”paradigm and the“identity--oriented”paradigm. Indeed, there is little agreement among the theorists in the field as to just what a movement is, but, there is growing concensus that alternative approaches for studying social movement are needed. Therefore, we are not only to summarize the previous research, we also make an attempt to integrate that research and use that research to building theory and to suggest new research problems.