論以非正規教育作為發展的策略

Nonformal Education as a Development Strategy

非正規教育是近二十年來深受重視的一股教育趨勢。許多國家視其為一種頗具潛力的新發展策略，主要是對擴張正規教育結果的失望。本文探討非正規教育在國家發展中的角色。文中首先析論現代化理論仍是非正規教育作為發展策略的理論基礎，並討論非正規教育在發展策略中的社會化功能及可能遭逢的限制與批評。本文指出，我國目前的非正規教育具有多樣而普遍、明顯的機構化趨勢、以及與現代知識及科技密切配合等特色。它在國家發展中的地位應與正規教育相等，同為一種重要的教育方式。未來，我國非正規教育應注意（一）力求城市鄉村均衡發展；（二）擴大參與機會；（三）積極鼓勵私人辦理；與（四）提倡終身教育理念。

Over the past twenty years, nonformal education has become a heated part of the educational scene in the world. Its appeal to the governments of many countries as a potentially powerful strategy for development can be attributed to the unexpected and undesirable results the expansion of formal education has producted. This paper is to explore the role of nonformal education in national development, attempting to analyze the theoretical foundation of nonformal education as a developmental strategy, to examine its functions of socialization, and to identify its possible limitations and critiques. It is noticed that a nonfonnal education strategy is based on modernization theory and critiques of the strategy may come from conflict perspective. In comparison to other countries’ situation, the author points out that great diversity and popularity of activities, apparent institutionalization of programmes, and tangilbe match up with modem knowledge and technology, all contribute to the characterization of the practices of nonformal education in the Republic of China. The role of nonformal education here is seen as being equally important with that of formal education in serving the national development process. The author suggests that in the long run the policy makers of nonformal education should (1) put more emphasis on the urban-rural equity; (2) expand opportunities for participation; (3) encourage private involvement in providing programmes and (4) promote the idea of lifelong learning in the future development of nonformal education.