社會福利行政的理論基礎

A study of theoretical basis of the Social Welfare Administration

本文旨在探討當今世界各國社會福利行政的發展軌跡及其理論根據。依研究結果，社會福利行政的理論基礎係建立在四方面：其一，為解決工業化以後日益複雜的社會問題。這些問題包括貧窮與經濟不安的問題、社會化與社會控制解組的問題、及都市化引起傳統社區功能式微的問題。其二，為保障基本的人權。這些基本人權包括生存權、工作權、財產權或利益權。其三，為克盡社會連帶的責任。此項責任是相對的，一方面是個人對社會應盡的義務；一方面是社會對個人應負的責任。其四，為實現福利國家的任務。此項任務包括經濟、社會和政治三個領域，以期實現福利經濟、福利社會及福利政治。總之，社會福利行政隨著社會問題及社會思想的變遷，逐步建立其雄厚的理論基礎，並且不斷有新的發展趨向。

The main purpose of this article is to approach the developed track and theoretical basis of the social welfare administration of most countries in the modern world. So far as I get the result, the main findings of this study are as follow: Firstly: to solve the more complicated social problems of industrialization. These problems contain the uneasiness of poverty and economy, the disorganization of social control and socialization. Secondly: to protect the basic human rights, They are the right to live, the right to work and the right to own property. Thirdly: to take the responsibility for the social solidarity. On the one hand, one should be responsible for society. On the other hand, society should be responsible for a man, too. Fourthly, to play the role of the welfare state. It contains the fields of economy, society and politics. Its aim is to realize the economy of welfare, welfare society and politics of welfare. According to the above conclusions, the social welfare administration has changed with the social problems and social thoughts. At the same time, it sets up the steady theoretical basis gradually and has the new track of development constantly.