青少年處理人際糾紛之方式初探

An Exploratory Study on Handling Interpersonal Disputes among Young People

本研究以法律行為學派的觀點出發，結合發展心理學的發現來分析青少年在面對不同的糾紛對象時，會採取什麼樣的方式來解決人際糾紛。本研究依據理論將糾紛解決方式分成不採取行動，單方解決方式，雙方解決方式，三方解決方式等。攻擊性解決方式，不論是單方的報復行為或涉及雙方的吵架或威脅行為，也是研究的焦點之一。本研究的樣本是由國中，高中，接受保護管束少年，少年輔育院，以及少年監獄中選出的107位青少年。透過基本描述統計分析，邏輯迴歸分析，以及迴歸分析等方法得到的結果大致支持本研究的假設。重要的研究發現包括：（1）青少年在與關係親密的父母或兄弟姊妹間，以及與社會地位高的老師間發生糾紛時，最主要的解決方式是不採取行動。與同學或朋友間的糾紛則除以不採取行動解決外，雙方解決方式也是另一主要解決方式；（2）青少年有使用同一種解決方式來解決不同糾紛情況的傾向；（3）在處理與父母或老師間的糾紛時，男性會比女性更可能使用不採取行動的方式來解決問題；（4）在一些糾紛情況下，父親與母親的教育程度對於一些解決方式之使用的可能性，包括攻擊性解決方式在內，有相反方向的影響力；（5）與老師和朋友間關係也會影響糾紛解決方式的使用。

This paper reports an exploratory study on how young people handle their interpersonal disputes. The study is guided by the theoretical perspectives developed by Donald Black and Allan Horwitz and psychological researches on the development of adolescence. According to Black’s or Horwitz’s approach, interpersonal disputes can be handled unilaterally, bilaterally, or trilaterally. The nature of the structure of social relationship such as the degree of intimacy or social status will affect which type of resolution methods adopted to handle interpersonal conflicts. The psychological researches on adolescent’s development have found that the process of biological, cognitive, moral development and the formation of self-concept of young people have impacts on how they will deal with situations of interpersonal conflicts. Several research hypotheses were tested by the data of a survey of 107 students selected from a middle school, a high school, and correctional institutions. Major findings are：(1) Inaction, which includes tolerance and avoidance, is the most frequently used method by young people to handle interpersonal disputes if the other party has close relationship with them or has a higher status. However, if the other party is their classmate or friend, young people also tend to use various bilateral methods to deal with the interpersonal conflicts. (2) Young people tend to use one type of resolution methods in handling various kinds of interpersonal disputes. (3) Males tend to use inaction more to resolve conflicts with their parents or teachers. (4) The social relationship of young people in one particular realm of their lives, such as school, family or peers, will affect the methods adopted to resolve conflicts in the other realms.