家內暴力的成因與後果：以母親為例

The Causes and Consequences of Domestic Violence: Taking Mothers as Example

過去許多有關家內暴力的研究文獻常常發現：在兒童青少年時期曾遭父母嚴厲體罰的成年人，較可能會經常以暴力的方式對待自己的配偶或子女。這項發現一般是歸因為這些遭受父母嚴厲對待的人透過「模仿」或「學習」的途徑，將「暴力對待家人」視為合法而有效的行為。在以台北市86所公私立國中的國一學生為抽樣母體，連續三年的問卷調查中，本研究依分層比例隨機抽樣原則，共抽出33所學校（包含44個班級）的1,434個國一學生為研究對象。根據這些國一學生及其家長（主要是母親）所提供的面訪資料分析的結果，本研究發現：以上所論及之模仿或學習機制，只受到實證資料部分的支持。分析結果反映出：母親小時候所遭受父母之嚴厲教養與其長大後的暴力行為之間的因果關係是受到母親的「反社會特質」的制約。然而，以暴力對待下一代或自己配偶的代間傳承跡象，即便在控制住「反社會特質」變項後，仍然有顯著的直接相關存在。這項發現說明了家內暴力現象，可能隱含了相當複雜而細微的發展與轉移機制。無論如何，本研究的分析清楚地反映出：個人之反社會特質和攻擊性行為的養成，與其父母之不當教養之間，確實存在著緊密的關連。曾經遭受父母不當教養的人，稍後所發生的種種行為問題，其父母的不當教養很可能是關鍵影響因素。

Past studies related to domestic violence have indicated that adults who were subject to severe physical discipline as children are often violent toward their spouses and children as adults. This finding is usually attributed to modeling or the learning of attitudes that legitimately hitting family members. Using three waves of data from a sample of Taipei metropolitan families, this study found only limited support for these interpretations. Data analysis showed that the association between childhood exposure to harsh parenting and recurrent adult violence toward children or a spouse was mediated by the extent to which adults who experienced severe physical discipline as children displayed an antisocial orientation. However, the influence of intergenerational transmission is still shown up even after controlling for the mediating effect of antisocial orientation. This might be taken as an indication that domestic violence is a sophisticated process, which involved several critical pathways of transitions. In any case, grandparent's inept parenting did show significant influence on adult child's antisocial traits and aggressive behaviors. That is, inept parenting might be one of the crucial causes of victim's conduct problems.