工作記憶的限制在人因心理學中的意涵

Human Factors Implications of Working Memory Limits

本文最主要的目的是探討工作記憶容量的限制及與其相關的特性在人因心理學中的意涵。作者就工作記憶的四個主要特性來討論這個問題：（1）工作記憶的容量有限；（2）利用組塊可以增加工作記憶的容量；（3）訊息保留在工作記憶的時間短暫；（4）儲存在工作記憶中的編碼若相同，會造成干擾。工作記憶既然是所有較複雜認知作業的「工作平台」，在設計系統或作業時幾乎都必須考慮到以上的幾個特點，以達到提高工作效率、減低錯誤發生的目的。

The main purpose of this article was to discuss human factors implications of working memory capacity limits and other related characteristics. Four main characteristics of working memory and their relationship to the system and task design were reviewed; (1)The capacity of working memory is limited; (2)Working memory capacity can be expanded through chunking; (3)Without rehearsal, information will disappear quickly from working memory; (4)Storing the same or similar codes in working memory will cause code interference. Working memory has been considered a workbench for many complex cognitive tasks. To facilitate efficiency and reduce errors in the process of human system interaction, it is crucial to take the above-mentioned characteristics of working memory into account when designing a system or task for human use.