社區健康意識量表之發展與測試

Instrument Development on Taiwanese Residents' Sense of Community Health

社區意識為重要的社區組成要素之一，然而社區護理人員在進行社區健康評估時因缺乏適當的評量工具，往往無法得知社區居民對促進該社區健康之認同感。因此，本研究的主要目的即為發展一可信、有效的社區健康意識量表，以期作為評量社區健康營造成效之指標。本量表乃由研究者根據文獻查證及焦點會談之結果設計出含「對社區環境之認知」、「對社區情感之累積」、 「對社區參與之聯擊」及「對社區健康促進議題之關懷」之 4 個面向，共 44 題的問卷項目。問卷內容乃經專家內容效度評估，刪除了 10 題後，測試在 4組不同特質， 共 62 名的社區民眾生。 研究結果首先經因素分析，刪除無法確切歸類之 1題後， 再進行內在一致性分析與改進四項次量表， 在刪除 4 細項後， 改善其α值依序為0.78、0.85、0.90 及 0.86。效標關聯效度則由已知樣本間差異來檢測其同時效度。本研究發現此由上述四要素所發展之含 29 題的社區健康意識量表為一有用、有效且可信之工具。未來研究應可合併應用本量表以大規模的評估臺灣社區之健康狀況。A sense of community is the most important component of community.However, due to lack of adequate instruments, this element has usually beenomitted by most community health workers when assessing community health status.The purpose of this study was to develop a scale of Community Health Sense, andto test the reliability and validity of it. The 44-item instrument wasself-developed based on literature review and focus group discussion; then, itwas sent out for 10 experts' review to establish the content validity. A totalof 34 items wre pilot tested on 4 groups of subjects:two groups of convenientsamples from one community health committee and one community promotingcommittee, the convenient community samples from Taipei city, and one randomsampling group from Taipei county (n=62). Results of this study were firstanalyzed using the factor analysis. The total of 63.48% of variance wasexplained by the 4 factors developed. Four more items wwere deleted due tointernal consistency reliabilities for four subscales:perception of communityenvironment (α =0.78), accumulation of community affection (α =0.85) , connection of community participation (α =0.90) and care about community healthpromotion (α =0.86) led to the deletion of 4 more items. Criterion-relatedvalidity was developed through known group comparison. Results of this studyindicated that this instrument contains acdceptable content, construct andcriterion-related validity and internal consistency reliability. This scale canbe utilized as a measurment tool in further study and practice.