社區精神分裂病患主要照顧者人格堅毅性與其健康狀況相關性探討

The Relationships between Hardiness and Health Status for Psychiatric Caregivers in Community

過去20年來，在健康領域中有關『人格堅毅性』的概念常常是被熱切探討的主題，但反觀國內有關此方面的研究報告極少，尤其在護理方面，所以本研究目的為探討社區精神分裂病患主要照顧者的人格堅毅性。本研究的設計為相關性研究，採立意取樣以新竹縣市某二所教學中心之門診的精神分裂病患家屬及某一所衛生所地段管理的精神分裂病患家庭為對象，以問卷調查法為主，利用結構性問卷訪談收集資料，收案共 106 名。 問卷分五大部分：一、主要照顧家屬基本屬性，二、病患基本疾病史，三、社區精神病患狀評量表，四、人格堅毅性量表，五、中國人健康量表、結果顯示：（一 ） 社區精神分裂病患主要照顧者的人格堅毅性總平均值為 147.50 分，各題平均得分 4.33 分，顯示主要照顧者在維持健康上有較佳抵抗壓力的資源。（二 ） 本研究對象為男性、專科以上之教育程度、與病患的感情情形為關心且和諧者、家庭社會階層屬中上階層、及照顧者無身體疾病，其人格堅毅性得分較高。 （三 ） 主要照顧者人格堅毅性與病患精神症狀之活、負性精神症狀之間無顯著相關。（四 ） 主要照顧者健康狀況與其人格堅毅性間呈現正相關。 本研究結果能協助棈神醫療專業人員評估及瞭解社區精神分裂病患主要照顧者之人格堅毅性，作為精神科護理人員提供社區精神護理措施之參考。Over the past two decades, therre was an increasing interest in theconcept of psychological hardiness in health field. However, little research hasbeen done in Taiwan, especially in nursing. Therrefore, the main purpose of thisstudy was to explore the personal hardiness of caregivers for schizophrenia inHsinchu community in northern Taiwan. The design was correlation using purposivesampling. Data were collect from 106 schizophrenia caregivers at two psychiatricoutpatient departments and one public health department in community settings. Astructure questionnaire was used ot interview caregivers including five elementsas follows. 1)The demographic variables of the caregivers; 2)The demographicvariables of the schizophrenia patient; 3)The scale of psychiatric symptoms;4)The Health Related Hardiness Scale; 5) The Chinese Health Questionnaires. Theresults were: 1)The level of hardiness of caregivers for schizophrenia was shownabove the average scores (147.50) which indicated the better stress-resistanceresource in maintaining health. The mean of hardiness of caregivers score was4.33. 2)The caregivers who were male, high educated, concerning the patient, high economic status, and no physicla diseases received a high score forhardiness characteristics. 3)No significant correlation was found between thesymptoms of psychiatric patient and the caregivers' hardiness score. 4)Thehigher the caregivers' hardiness score was, the better the health status ofcaregivers would be. The findings of this study could be used as a reference ora guideline for psychiatric nurses to better understand the hardiness ofcaregivers for schizophrenia in community care.