運動生物力學應用在棒壘球運動機能襪之研發

Research and development of baseball and softball functional socks

目的：棒球與壘球是一種相當有競賽性與可看性的運動項目。為了有更好的運動表現，運動鞋底部設計鋼釘用以達到防滑功能，卻也帶來足部傷害的風險。而襪子的設計不良，也增加了滑壘時擦傷的風險。為了在不增加下肢運動裝備的額外負擔情況下，唯一能改變的就是襪子。因此，襪子底部（襪底）若能配合釘鞋設計，或許就可以分散足部的壓力，而襪身若能做些防摩擦的設計，或許就可以改善因滑壘所造成的擦傷。因此，本研究目的與流程為：1、藉由市場調查：了解各品牌襪子與釘鞋的設計重點和訴求；2、透過棒壘球專項動作運動生物力學定性分析：提供符合棒壘球特性的運動機能襪設計重點；3、設計與製造創新的棒球與壘球運動機能襪；4、試穿測試與科學實驗：驗證創新棒球與壘球運動機能襪對於選手主觀感覺、足底壓力以及運動表現的影響。方法：本研究藉由市場調查以及棒壘球專項動作技術分析，獲得幾點關於運動機能襪功能設計上的重要方向：小腿滑壘保護、前腳掌抗剪力設計與腳趾與足跟減壓等。結果：創新設計的運動機能襪，其襪底的特殊設計，能有效分散前足足底的壓力，進而可能減少運動傷害的發生；而其襪身的特殊設計則可有效分散滑壘時的壓力，進而可能減少因摩擦而產生的運動傷害，並提升滑壘時的速度。結論：該創新運動機能襪能實際應用於賽場上的選手們身上，以降低選手們足部的運動傷害，並提升其運動表現。Baseball and softball are competitive and worth watching sports. In order to have better sports performance, sports shoes design with nails to achieve the anti-skid function, but that also brings the risk of foot injury. Moreover, poorly designed socks could increase the risk of abrasions during base sliding. Base on the premise of not adding any more equipment in lower limbs, the only thing that could be changed is the design of sock. If the sole of a sock could be adapted to cooperate with the shoes design, the better spread of plantar pressure may be achieved; and if an anti-abrasion design could be added on the leg of sock, it may help to reduce the occurrence of scratch. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to (1) survey various brands socks and shoes in the currently marketing, (2) biomechanical qualitative analysis of baseball-specific movements for design concepts, (3) design and produce proper baseball/softball sports sock based on our market research and the technical analysis of baseball/softball movement, (4) investigate the effect of wearing the innovative sports socks on, player's subjective perception, plantar pressure and sports performance. Methods: In this study, we obtained some important concepts about the functional designs of sports socks through marketing research and biomechanical qualitative analysis of baseball/softball movements. For example, the shin protection on base sliding, the design of anti-shear pressure in forefoot, reducing the pressure in toes and heels, etc. Results: The results showed that the special design of the sole of the sock could effectively plantar pressure distribution which in turn could reduce the incidence of sports injuries; and the special design of the leg of the sock can effectively pressure distribution during base sliding which in turn could reduce sports injuries caused by friction. Conclusion: The innovative sports socks can be applied to the players in the field to reduce the lower limbs sports injuries and enhance athletic performance.