田徑場距離標示訓練法對國小學童之體脂率及心肺適能的影響

Effects of stadium-marked training method on body fat percentage and cardiorespiratory fitness in elementary students

目的：探討於田徑場上進行8週有氧耐力訓練對國小學童之體脂率及心肺適能的影響。方法：招募23位小學5、6年級健康男童，依其意願分派至訓練組（n＝11，11.0±0.4歲）或控制組（n＝12，11.7±0.5歲）。訓練組以田徑場距離標示訓練法控制接近80％HRmax跑速的運動強度，進行每週3次、每次持續30分鐘、共8週的訓練；控制組則不進行訓練。兩組於訓練前、後檢測體脂率、800公尺跑走與漸進式有氧心肺耐力跑（PACER）。結果：兩組在前測時的體脂率、800公尺跑走和PACER成績均無差異，但在後測時，訓練組的800公尺跑走（224±14VS.258±40秒，p＜.05）和PACER（60.8±6.9VS.47.4±9.4趟，p＜.05）成績皆優於控制組；訓練組的體脂率亦顯著低於前測（17.1±4.5％VS.20.6±3.9％，p＜.05）。結論：以田徑場距離標示法來進行有氧耐力訓練可有效降低國小學童的體脂率並提高心肺適能，故此方法是適用於校園的體能訓練方式。Purpose: To investigate the effect of 8-week field aerobic endurance training on body fat percentage and cardiorespiratory fitness in elementary students. Methods: Twenty-three healthy boys in fifth or sixth grade of elementary school were recruited and divided to either the training group (n = 11, 10.8 ± 0.6 yrs) or control group (n = 12, 11.7 ± 0.5 yrs) by their intention. Subjects in the training group conducted a 30-min continuous running nearly 80% HRmax by stadium-marked manner, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Subjects in the control group were not trained. Body fat percentage, 800-m run/walk, and progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER) were measured in these two groups before and after training. Results: There were no differences in body fat percentage, performances of 800-m walk/run, and PACER between groups at pre-test, but 800-m walk/run (224 ± 14 vs. 258 ± 40 sec, p < .05) and PACER (60.8 ± 6.9 vs. 47.4 ± 9.4 laps, p < .05) performances of the training group were greater than the control group at post-test. Body fat percentage of the training group was also decreased as compared with pre-test (17.1 ± 4.5% vs. 20.6 ± 3.9%, p < .05). Conclusions: These elementary students' body fat percentage was decreased and their cardiorespiratory fitness was enhanced effectively with aerobic endurance training by the stadium-marked manner. Therefore, this method is appropriate for fitness training in a campus.