| 中文摘要 |
目的：經由運動學瞭解長式、中式、短式三種不同距離蹲踞方式對起跑表現的影響。方法：以高速攝影機（250Hz）拍攝7位大專甲組短跑選手（年齡21±2.0歲，身高177.1±2.1公分，體重71.3±7.2公斤，100公尺最佳成績10.94±0.20秒）起跑至第一步著地的影像，使用Kwon3D動作分析軟體得到運動學數據，以重複量數單因子變異數分析與LSD事後比較進行統計，顯著水準為α＝.05。結果：中式的身體質心水平速度（3.33±0.16m/s）大於短式（3.27±0.13m/s），身體質心移動2公尺時間（0.68±0.02s）小於長式（0.70±0.03s）。長式的第一步騰空距離（1.63±0.20m）大於中式（1.41±0.16m）和短式（1.26±0.13m），中式大於短式。短式的推蹬時間（0.33±0.03s）小於中式（0.35±0.02s）和長式（0.38±0.02s），中式小於長式。結論：不同起跑方式會影響選手第一步之運動學表現，起跑時，中式的身體質心水平速度快，移動2公尺之時間也較短，在本研究中有較好的起跑表現。Purpose: To understand the effects on the bunch, medium, and elongated starts of sprints through kinematics. Methods: The high-speed camera (250 Hz) was used to capture the movements of 7 elite short-distance track runners (aged: 18~22 y; height: 177.1 ± 2.1 cm; weight: 71.3 ± 7.2 kg; 100 m record: 10.94 ± 0.20 s) from the beginning to the first step. Kwon3D Motion analysis software was used to analyze the data. Repeated-measures One-way ANOVA (α = .05) and LSD comparisons were applied to assess the differences. Results: For the horizontal velocity of the center of mass (COM) during push-off, a higher value was observed for the medium start (3.33 ± 0.16 m/s) compared to in the bunch start (3.27 ± 0.13 m/s). The duration of COM moving from 0 to 2 m was shorter in the medium start (0.68 ± 0.02 s) than in the elongated start (0.70 ± 0.03 s). The first step had a greater distance for elongated start (1.63 ± 0.20 m) than for the medium (1.41 ± 0.16 m) and bunch (1.26 ± 0.13 m) starts, and the medium start had a greater distance than the bunch start. The bunch start had a shorter push-off time (0.33 ± 0.03 s) than the medium (0.35 ± 0.02 s) and elongated (0.38 ± 0.02 s) starts, and the medium start was shorter than the elongated start. Conclusions: The different crouch start distances affected the kinematics of the sprint starts. From push-off to first step, a medium start has better kinematic characteristics, including a shorter time to move the body and a higher COM velocity. |
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