八週射箭運動訓練對國小學童平衡控制特徵之影響

The effects of eight weeks archery training on balance control in children

目的：探討八週射箭運動訓練對國小學童標準姿勢與射箭姿勢平衡控制特徵之影響。方法：32位國小學童隨機均分為實驗組（年齡：9.6±0.1歲；身高：138.7±7.5公分；體重：34.4±9.3公斤）與控制組（年齡：9.5±0.1歲；身高136.8±6.0公分；體重36.3±6.9公斤），實驗組進行連續八週每週三次之射箭運動訓練，而控制組則無進行任何之運動訓練。平衡控制特徵是以三軸測力板來測量學童在各種不同姿勢下腳壓中心（center of pressure，COP）參數，所得數據以獨立樣本t考驗比較兩組間基本生理資料之差異，以混合二因子變異數分析二組在標準姿勢前測與後測結果之差異，以重複樣本t考驗進行實驗組射箭姿勢前測與後測結果之差異，統計顯著水準皆定為p＜.05。結果：控制組在三種測試情境中COP參數於訓練前後皆無顯著變化，實驗組則在COP偏移半徑與涵蓋面積顯著變小；實驗組訓練後射箭姿勢在慣用站姿與瞄射過程之COP偏移半徑與涵蓋面積顯著變小。結論：八週射箭運動訓練可顯著改善學童標準姿勢與射箭姿勢之COP偏移半徑與涵蓋面積，有效提升學童姿勢穩定平衡控制與5公尺臨場射箭表現。Purpose: To examine the effects of 8-week archery training on balance control (BC) in children during the standing and archery shooting phase. Methods: Thirty-two elementary students without any prior archery training were randomly and equally assigned to an experimental group (EG, age: 9.6±0.1 yrs, height: 138.7±7.5 cm, weight: 34.4±9.3 kg) or a control group (CG, age: 9.5±0.1 yrs, height: 136.8±6.0 cm, weight: 36.3±6.9 kg). The EG underwent a series of regular archery training 3 times a week for 8 weeks and CG didn't. BC was evaluated by measuring center of pressure (COP) displacement which standing on a force platform as the COP radius, sway velocity, and sway area in each testing situation. A mixed design, two-way ANOVA was used to determine the difference of BC between groups before and after training. Furthermore, a repeat-measure t test was used to determine the differences of BC in EG before and after training during archery shooting phase. Significant levels were set at p < .05. Results: The COP radius and sway area were significantly decreased after archery training in EG both in the standing and archery shooting phase. Conclusions: Regular archery training can significantly improve the performance of the COP radius, sway area, and shooting performance in children.