2Ｘ2目標取向與希望對大專運動員競賽壓力因應策略之預測

The prediction of 2×2 goal orientations and hope on stress coping strategies among college athletes

目的：探討2Ｘ2目標取向、希望與壓力因應策略之間的關係，以及探討2Ｘ2目標取向、希望對壓力因應策略之預測情形。方法：以北部大學之甲組競技運動員192名（男生135名，女生57名），平均年齡為20.5歲，標準差為2.1，專項運動的訓練時間平均為8.4年，標準差為3.0。請參與者在非競賽情境下填寫2Ｘ2目標取向、希望與壓力因應策略等問卷。結果：一、兩種趨近的目標取向與因應策略有較高的相關，精熟－趨近目標與問題焦點因應策略、情緒焦點因應策略有顯著正相關，但與逃避則沒有顯著相關；表現－趨近目標與希望則皆與三種因應策略有顯著正相關。二、希望、2Ｘ2目標取向可以顯著預測壓力因應策略，在預測問題焦點與情緒焦點的因應策略上希望的預測力較強，但要注意迴歸分析中的壓制效果。結論：2Ｘ2目標取向、希望與壓力因應策略之間具有很高的關聯性，未來應繼續探討2Ｘ2目標取向與希望之間的關係或是以希望理論探討運動領域中的其他變項。Purpose: To investigate the relationships between 2×2 goal orientations, hope and stress coping strategies as well as the predictions of 2×2 goal orientations and hope on stress coping strategies. Methods: The participants were 192 college athletes (135 males, 57females) recruited from several colleges in north Taiwan. Average age was 20.46 years, SD was 2.10, average training time was 8.4 years, SD was 2.96. Let them write a battery of scales included 2×2 goal orientations, hope and stress coping strategies in non-competition situation. Results: First, two approach goals had higher correlations with coping strategies. mastery-approach goal was positively correlated with problem-focused strategy and emotional-focused strategy, but had no correlation with avoidance strategy. Performance-approach goal and hope were positively correlated with three types of coping strategies. Second, hope and 2×2 goal orientations were effectively predictors of stress coping strategies, and hope was stronger predictor of problem-focused strategy and emotional-focused strategy, but the suppression effect in regression analysis was noteworthy. Conclusion: There are high connections between 2×2 goal orientations, hope and stress coping strategies, we should keep on examining the relationship between 2×2 goal orientations and hope or examining other variations in sport field based on hope theory.