臺灣運動服務業的產業關聯分析

A study on industrial linkages of sport services industry in Taiwan

目的：係探討在全球化的潮流中日益受重視的運動服務業之產業特性。方法：以投入產出模型之研究方法，分析其產業關聯效果。結果：（1）運動服務業的附加價值率相當高，並且人力資本是運動服務業的主要生產要素，符合文化創意產業要求的特質；（2）運動服務業係以作為其他產業的中間投入為主的產業，在臺灣其最終需求的使用者則是以政府購買為主，約為1／2強；（3）運動服務業的向後關聯效果比向前關聯效果要強，亦即運動服務業帶動上游產業的效應較明顯。同時其間接關聯效果比直接關聯效果要大，顯示了運動服務業本身的誘發效果相當明顯；（4）運動服務業的產出乘數約為1.72，與其他類型的休閒或文化產業相較之下，並不突出，可能是其較接近消費者服務業的緣故。結論：臺灣的運動服務業仍然相當依賴政府預算的投入，不過在1990年代有相當幅度的成長，以臺灣服務業已成經濟主體之時，未來仍會成長。同時，以其產業特性觀之，歸為文化創意產業殆無疑義，以當前我國強調文化創意產業的背景，運動服務業當可發揮其較大的帶動其上游產業的能力，所帶動的上游產業是佔臺灣運動產業甚大比例的運動用品的製造、批發及零售的廠商。至於育樂用品、電力、其他房屋工程、金融、不動產服務、商品經濟、廣告服務、廣播電視及電影服務、環境衛生服務等行業，則是支撐運動服務產出的中間投入之經濟部門。Purpose: to analyze the sectoral interdependencies of Taiwan's sport services industry. Method: input-output models are applied. Results: the findings include: 1) The value-added rate of sport services industry is pretty high. Human capital is the main input of production factors. Thus, the industry could be regarded as a kind of creative industries. 2) Sport services is often used to be an intermediate input of other industries. And Taiwan government is the biggest buyer. 3) The backward linkage effect is higher than the forward linkage effect of the sport services industry. At the same time, the indirect linkage effect is larger than the direct one. This reveals the induced effect is pretty significant. 4) The output multiplier of the sport services industry is 1.72. Comparing with other leisure and cultural industry, the multiplier is not large. Conclusion: the development of Taiwan's sport services industry is heavily relied on government budget. However, we already observed its obvious growth in 1990s. At the same time, the sport services industry owns the characteristics of creative industry. Creative industry is one of the strategic industries of Taiwan's economic policy. We may expect that sport services industry may cause large backward linkage effect or lead its upstream industries, such as industries of manufacturing, wholesaling and retailing of sport goods. In addition, most of the intermediate goods to produce sport services come from sectors of leisure goods, electric power, other building engineering, financial services, real estate services, commodity economy, advertisement services, broadcast, television and movie services, and environmental services, etc.