| 中文摘要 |
目的：在比較不同跳法包括游泳抓台出發、蹲踞跳及及下蹲跳之下肢在生物力學上的差異。方法：研究對象是五位擁有十年抓台出發經驗的選手（男3位，女2位；年齡24.6±3.2歲），研究中使用一台Peak-Performance高速攝影機（攝頻率為120HZ）及一台Kistler測力板（600HZ），將二者同步來擷取所需的資料。地面反作用力和運動學參數分別藉由Kistler BioWare和Peak Motus7.0分析軟體得知；另外，經由動力學逆過程數學模型的計算求得下肢凈關節肌肉力矩及功率。Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of lower extremities in different jumps including swimming grab start, squat jump and countermovement jump. Methods: Five subjects (3 males and 2 females, age 24.6 ± 3.2), who have over ten year experiences in swimming grab start, participated in this study. One Peak-Performance high-speed video camera operating at 120 Hz and one Kistler force plate (600Hz) were synchronized to collect data. Ground reaction force and kinematic parameters were derived from Kistler BioWare and Peak Motus 7.0 software, respectively. A mathematical model of inverse dynamics was used to calculate net muscle joint moment and power of lower extremities. Results: Grab start movement was more complex than squat jump and countermovement jump. In the kinematics of lower extremities, knee and ankle joints in grab start and countermovement jump were in the sequence of flexion, and then extension. Hip joint in grab start and squat jump was constantly in extension. In ground reaction force, the horizontal ground reaction force constantly increased in grab start (subject moved forward constantly). It was totally different from other jumps. In net muscle joint moment and power of lower extremities, grab start also had a different pattern from other jumps, especially in the hip joint. Conclusion: Swimming grab start, squat jump, and countermovement jump were movements involving extension of lower extremity, but the patterns of muscle/joint activation were different. It is suggested that coaches should rely on the pattern of muscular contraction in training grab start. |
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