體育初任教師學科教學知識之研究

The Study of Physical Education Novice Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge

本研究旨在探討體育初任教師的學科教學知識，主要目的在於瞭解體育初任教師所具有的學科教學知識、實際教學後學科教學知識的改變情形、並探討影響學科教學知識改變的因素以及高低概念初任體育教師學科教學知識應用的情形。參與研究的對象為八位體育初任教師，採質量相輔的研究方法進行研究，工具計有概念構圖、教師專業功能系統觀察法、半結構式訪談等。量化資料以描述統計處理，採表格方式呈現；質性資料以持續比較法進行資料編碼與分類。經分析比較與討論之後，所得結論如下：1、由於個別教師所重視的層面不同，故呈現不同的學科教學知識類目，此與教師個人的先前的學習背景、實習經驗等有關；也說明了師資培育課程對教師的影響；2、多數教師的教學知識結構比半年前更周全，更能涵蓋有效體育教學所包含的知識結構。專業素養與外在環境二項有增加的傾向，而課程、教學二項則有明顯減少的情形；3、影響教師學科教學知識改變原因可歸納為：師資培育訓練、教學經驗、學校情境、教學情境、教師個人因素、其他等六項；4、高低概念組體育初任教師學科教學知識應用在教學行為的表現並不一致，在教師行為功能和訊息傳達行為的表現並無法驗證學科教學知識與教學行為之相關性，因此對於教學知識轉化為教學行為的實際應用過程中仍有許多中介因素值得探討。本研究雖已將焦點置於體育初任教師的學科教學知識，但有鑒於學科教學知識對有效教學的影響，將來仍需持續對此相關議題加以探討與關注。The purpose of this study was to examine the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of eight physical education novice teachers. The objectives were to understand their PCK category levels, the change of the PCK structure before and after teaching practice, the factors influecing of the change, and the application of PCK between high and low PCK physical education novice teachers. Qualitative and quantitative methods, such as concept mapping, teacher professional function systematic observation instrument, and semi-structured interviews, were used to collect data. Results were obtained through descriptive analytical statistics and the constant comparison method. The following conclusions were drawn: 1.The PCK categories of the physical education novice teachers were different due to individual prior educational background, teaching experiences, and focus. 2. The structure of PCK became more thorough with the increase in professional and environmental factors but decreased in curriculum and teaching. 3. The influential factors included professional training, teaching experience, school context, teaching context, individual and other factors. 4. The high and low PCK groups were inconsistent in their PCK and application of PCK (teacher behavior). Relationship between these two variables could not be identified from the analysis. Further studies should continue to follow this direction of investigation.