明代投壺研究

The Research of Tou Hu in the Ming Dynasty

明代的投壺，並未受到宋代司馬光《投壺新格》的復古運動所影響，反而出現了許多新奇有趣的玩法。其中，汪禔所輯之《投壺儀節》，內容豐富，除了輯有《禮記》、《投壺新格》等舊籍，更增加了投壺十勢，玩法獨特，花樣新穎，因此激發筆者之研究動機。基於上述動機，本研究旨在瞭解明代投壺運動當時之主要時代背景、分析《投壺儀節》之內容、探討明代文學中之投壺運動與詮釋明代投壺運動之歷史意義。本研究採用歷史研究法，蒐集有關之史料、雜記、詩、詞與小說等進行研究，以印證當時投壺運動之概況。研究結語如下：一、明代投壺戲的發展，不僅受政治、經濟與文化的影響，而且也可據以衡定當時文明的水平與社會風氣。二、《投壺儀節》這卷書，等於是融合了舊制度與新玩法的一卷有關中國古代投壺記載的一部重要書籍。三、投壺的文學記載中，我們更能瞭解到投壺在京城中或民間都有所記載，皇上、皇后與妃子乃至於市井小民皆能沉醉於多樣化的投壺遊戲之間。四、明代投壺運動具有遊戲性、時代性以及女性運動參與機會增多之歷史意義。The Tou Hu of the Ming Dynasty is not influenced by the restore ancient movement of the 'Tou Hu xin ge' written by Sima guang in Sung Dynasty. On the contrary, it appears many strange and interesting styles. Among them, the content of 'Tou Hu yi jie' written by Wang ti is very abundant. It edits 'The Book of Rites' and 'Tou Hu xin ge' old book and still more adds ten style of the Tou Hu that is unique and is new. Therefore, the author is motivated to make a detailed examination into the issue. Due to the motivation, this research is focused on understanding the background of the times, analyzing the contents of the 'Tou Hu yi jie', conferring the Tou Hu in the Ming's literature and annotating Tou Hu in the Ming's history meanings. This study adopts historical documentation in order to prove general situation of the Tou Hu at that time by collecting related history datum, miscellaneous notes, poetry, classical poetry and novels. The conclusions can be drawn: 1. The development of the Tou Hu in the Ming is not only influenced by politics, economical and culture, but can judge the level of the civilization and the climate of social as well. 2. 'Tou Hu yi jie' is a important ancient book which blends old system and new styles. 3. According to the record of the literature of Tou Hu, we realized that the game of Tou Hu is popular both in the city and the country. Not only do the nobles like it, but ordinary people indulge in it as well. 4. Tou Hu in the Ming is provided with the characteristic of the games, times, and the more opportunity of the female participation in sport.