宋代武舉制度之探究（960－1279）

Research on the Civil Service System of Martial Art Examination in the Sung Dynasty(960-1279)

本研究旨在分析宋代（960－1279）武舉制度的詳細內容以及探究武舉及第仕途和人名，並探討武舉制度對當時國家武力的影響。本研究採歷史研究法，蒐集相關資料加以分析後，得到以下結論：宋代武舉制度是分成四級制度來舉行，而考試內容也區分為內場考程文和外場考武藝，相較於唐代武舉制度，整體而言，宋代武舉制度考試整個流程較為嚴謹，同時也非常重視武舉出身之人需文武兼備。其次，宋朝廷長期的對外戰爭，理應對武舉選拔的將帥人才急迫所需，但在宋太祖杯酒釋兵權遏制武將長期心理影響之下，不但小心限制武舉名額，武舉及第任官品級也極低，使得武舉出身之進士，常就棄所學，轉換文資入仕。因此，在重文輕武的國策之下，使得武臣的社會地位長期低落。所以，即使不斷擴增軍隊的數目，國家的武力依然不振。The purpose of this research project was to reveal the systematic details of the civil service system of martial art examination in Sung Dynasty(960-1279). Another focus was the political career of the civil martial art officers and a list of these successful candidates. Finally, we would come to a discussion of its deep influence to the national power then. The research employed method of historical research. After collecting and analyzing the relevant information, the results were found as follows: The civil service system of martial art examination in Sung Dynasty that divided into system of four levels to hold and the exam contents divided into inside of testing the scheme of exam and book on the art of war and outside of testing the martial art. Compared with the Tang Dynasty, on the whole, the Sung Dynasty was more conscientious on whole exam procedure. Moreover, the civil service system of martial art candidates who had civil and military ability were very important. Secondly, the endless war against outside enemy in the Sung Dynasty did not entail for more talented military officers. Instead, many successful the civil martial art officers of provincial military examination often gave up the title and transferred to civil post. The pressure of the grand feast stratagem used by the founder of the Sung Dynasty, Zhao Kuang Yin (Sung Tai Zu) to persuade his generals to give up their troops was the major reason. Therefore, the national policy respected civil and depreciated military. The cause had resulted in the decreasing number of the civil martial art officers and their insignificant social status. So, even though the troops had been expanded, it was still hard for the nation to elevate the military force against its enemy.