由地面反作用力評估鞋底避震能力－－材料與人體測試之比較

Using Ground Reaction Force to Evaluate Cushioned Property of Runnign Shoe-The Comparison of Material and Subject Test

本研究的目地在比較材料與人體測試之間的異同，並改變材料測試的方法，使其更接近實際人體測試的情況。本研究以市售慢跑鞋作為受測鞋，材料測試結果顯示撞擊的能量增加，垂直地面反作用力的最大負荷率會隨著增加；人體測試結果，4位男性受試者穿受測鞋，以3m／s的跑步速度通過測力板，測得著地初期垂直地面反作用力曲線，與材料測試所得的曲線相似，唯人體測試的撞擊力峰值較高。因此，可由材料測試來評估人體實際跑步時所受地面反作用力的最大負荷率。模式分析結果說明人體測試中測得較高的撞擊力峰值，可能與撞擊過程中有效質量的增加有關。由兩種測試的結果比較，可推算出實際跑步時足部給與地面的撞擊能量。本研究4位受試者慢跑時的撞擊能量約在3～7joule，因此若能改變材料測試中撞擊器重量與撞擊高度的範圍，使其與實際跑步的撞擊能量相近，如此即可快速得知慢跑鞋在不同撞擊能量下最大負荷率的改變，並由此評估實際慢跑時鞋底的避震特性。本研究的方法與結果，可提供作為國內對慢跑鞋避震功能材料測試標準訂定之依據。The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences and similarities between the material and subject tests using ground reaction force (GRF), then try to change the approach of the material test to fit the actual running situation. A commercial running shoe was tested in this study. The result of the material test showed that increasing impact energy would get the larger maximum loading rate. The curves of vertical GRF during the initial impact phase in subject test were similar to the results of material test. Thus, the material test could evaluate the maximum loading rate of the vertical GRF as actual running. Modeling analysis, used in this study, indicated that because the effective mass added into the impact phase there was a larger impact peak force occurring in the subject test. With the comparison of the material and subject test, the impact energy during actual running could be evaluated correctly. The impact energy of the four subjects running with 3m/sec in this study were 3~7 joule. Therefore, if change the impact weight and the impact height of the striker into adequate region that similar to the actual running situation, the maximum loading rate of the vertical GRF during running could be evaluated faster with material test. This study was able to establish the standard for material test to evaluate the cushioned properties of the running shoes.