國際投資仲裁中的先例使用

The Use of Precedents in International Investment Arbitration

盡管國際投資仲裁所援引的先例並沒有強制的束力，但是晚近以來，先例在國際投資仲裁實踐中還是得到了普遍的使用，其原因主要有：國際投資法制和裁決的特殊性、先例所具有的說服性功能、先例的一致性功能等。應該注意的是，先例使用存在很多缺陷，因此，國際投資仲裁中的先例使用不是普通法（法律）意義上的遵循先例，而僅是事實上的遵循先例。這就要求仲裁機構使用先例時應對其進行詳細分析、評估和管理；對中國來說，則要加強先例的系統性研究。Recently, the use of precedents in international invetment arbi-tration becomes prevalent, although international investment arbitration tribunals are not bound by the prior awards. The reasons can be concluded as follows：par-ticularity of international investment legal system and arbitration, the persuasive role of precedents, and the role of consistency of precedents. However, there are many drawbacks in the use of precedents, therefore, the use of precedents in in-ternational investment arbitration is not de jure stare decisis, but de facto prece-dent regime. This requires international arbitration institutions to use precedents nore prudently. This also requires China to strengthen the systematic research of the use of precedents.