誰之公正與何種獨立——IGSID仲裁員公正性標準研判

Whose Impartiality and What Kind of Independence: The Standard of Impartiality and Independence for ICSID Arbitrators

本文主要從三方面對ICSID仲裁員的獨立性和公正性問題進行探討：首先，基於公正性標準的內涵，釐清獨立性和公正性的關係；其次，對比國際商事仲裁和各國國內法中的公正性標準，探討其標準能否用於評判ICSID仲裁員公正性，並在此基礎上探討ICSID裁判結果是否違背公正，以及此不公正是否存在固有的發展軌跡；最後，在分析主流學者判斷仲裁員是否違反公正性論點之基礎上，歸納得出影響ICSID仲裁員公正性的客觀因素，包括仲裁庭構成、委任方的影響、公約內容上語境的一致性等，以期將原本抽象的標準具體化。This article discusses the independence and impartiality standard for ICSID arbitrators from three aspects. First, it clarifies the connotation and disparity of impartiality and independence in ICSID arbitration. Second, it considers whether the results of ICSID arbitration disobey the fairness and whether the unfairness' tendency of development exists based on comparison with impartiality standards in International Commercial Arbitration and domestic laws. Ultimately, based on the mainstream scholars' views on whether arbitrators violated impartiality, the author concludes the specific elements which influence the impartiality of ICSID arbitrators, such as the constitution of arbitral tribunal, the impact originated from the appointing party and the official language context of ICSID Convention, aiming to substantiate the abstractive standard of impartiality.