親職化蘊涵著正向力量？弱勢家庭子女親職化與利社會行為之相關研究

What are Positive Implications of Parentification ? The Relationship Between Parentification and Prosocial Behavior of Children and Adolescents in the Underprivileged Family

本研究旨在探討弱勢家庭子女親職化與利社會行為之相關。採用問卷調查法，以嘉義縣市、台 南縣市國小中、高年級、圈中共l 108 名學生為研究對象，以「親職化量表」、「利社會行為量表」 為研究工具。調查所得資料以描述統計、t 考驗、單因子變異數分析、Pearson 積差相關及階層迴歸 分析等統計程序處理，研究結果發現： 一、不同背景變項（ 性別、年級、出生序） 的弱勢家庭子女之親職化有顯著差異。女生在親職化各 層面的表現高於男生，中年級表足見高於圈中，老大的表現高於其他手足。 二、不同背景變項（ 性別、年級、出生序） 的弱勢家庭子女之利社會行為有顯著差異。女生在利社 會行為各層面的表現高於男生，高年級、園中表現高於中年級，老大的表現高於老么。 三、弱勢家庭子女的親職化與利社會行為呈正相關。親職化表現愈高，貝＇］利社會行為表現愈高。 四、在控制背景變項的影響力之後，弱勢家庭子女的親職化是預測其利社會行為的有意義指標，親 職化各因素對利社會行為的解釋力高低依序是守護手足、照顧父母、承擔父母情緒。 最後，根據研究結果提出具體建議，以作為未來研究之參考。

The purpose of this study was to discuss the relationship between the parentification and prosocial behavior of children and adolescents in the underprivileged family.This study adopted a questionnaire survey and included 1108 participants . The participants were students both from the 3rd， 4th， 5th， and 5th grades of elementary schools and from junior high schools in Tainan City， Tainan County， Chiayi City， and Chiayi County. The study employed ＂Parentificationl Scale＂ and ＂Prosocial Behavior Scale＂， which were revised by the researcher. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics， t-test， one-way ANOVA， Pearson product-moment correlation， and hierarchical regression analysis.The major findings includes : 1. Significant differences have been revealed on the parentification of children and adolescents with different background variables . The performance of the girls in each direction was better than the boys; the performance of the third and fourth grade students was better than the junior high school students; the performance of the eldest among siblings was better than the other siblings. 2. Significant differences have been revealed on the prosocial behavior of children and adolescents with different background variables. The performance of the girls in different aspect was better than the boys; the performance of the fifth， sixth grade and junior high school students was better than the third and fourth grade students; the performance of the eldest among siblings was better than the youngest. 3. There was positive correlation between the parentification and the prosocial behavior of children and adolescents in the underprivileged family. When the parentification performance was higher， the children and adolescents was better in prosocial behavior. 4. When background variables could be controlled， the parentification can significantly predict the prosocial behavior. And the taking care of sibling subscale could be the most effective variable to predict prosocial behavior significantly . Finally， based on the results， suggestions for future research are proposed.