中國大陸區域發展變化之研析

A Study on Changes in Regional Development in Mainland China

中國大陸改革開放30年以來，雖造就珠三角、長三角、環渤海等經濟圈的興起，卻也使區域經濟發展造成巨大差距。中國大陸意識到問題的嚴重性，自1999年起積極進行各地的區域發展規劃，尤以2008年以來最甚。經蒐集10年來的區域發展規劃，可歸納為三種類型：第一類是國務院核准跨省市區的區域發展規劃，例如長江三角洲或成渝經濟區；第二類是中國大陸為進行改革而選定的國家綜合配套改革試驗區，例如上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區；第三種是各省市依據特色自行規劃，報國務院核准的發展規劃，例如山東半島藍色經濟區、海南國際旅遊島建設發展規劃。而這些規劃的推動內容，大多是搭配各地區自身發展的優勢，藉由引進新的產業鏈，加以政府提供投資條件的優惠。研究發現，截至2010年底中國大陸區域發展差距過大的現象已有受到抑制的趨勢，未來的總體戰略將會充分發揮不同地區比較優勢，推進區域發展。

In the 30 years since mainland China launched its reform and opening policy, huge disparities in regional economic development have formed. The government is aware of the seriousness of this problem, and since 1999 has been actively implementing regional development plans for each region. Particular emphasis has been placed on these plans since 2008. These regional development plans of the past decade can be classified into three main types. The first kind is plans approved by the State Council for regional development across provincial and city boundaries, such as those for the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone or the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone; the second is plans for places selected as pilot areas for comprehensive reform, such as the Shanghai Pudong New Area or the Tianjin Binhai New Area; the third is self-development plans drawn up by individual provinces and cities and approved by the State Council, such as those for the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone or the Hainan International Tourism Island. The content of most of these plans matches the particular development advantages of the region concerned, with the government providing preferential investment conditions as a means of drawing in new industry chains. This study finds that, by the end of 2010, the phenomenon of excessive regional development gaps in mainland China had already entered a reining-in trend. In the future, the government’s overall strategy will to make the most of each region’s comparative advantages to drive regional development.