以高齡人員為對象之車用導航介面：電子地圖階層與導向之效應

An In-car Digital Map for Older Adults: Effects of Map Hierarchy and Orientation

本研究以模擬的方式，針對8名高齡受試者進行三水準地圖資訊階層、以及兩水準地圖導向方式的車用導航系統實驗，並藉此評估它們對於高齡駕駛員導航正確性以及錯誤回復能力的影響。本研究以受試者內重複性實驗的方式進行，因此每一位受試者必須接受所有處理水準的組合，總共六次的實驗；受試者在實驗過程中所發生的導航錯誤次數，以及導航錯誤發生之後再回到錯誤發生點所經過的平均距離，則是本研究用以評估導航正確性與錯誤回復能力兩個量測標準的依據。研究結果發現，地圖資訊階層對於高齡駕駛員的路徑辨識正確性並不存在顯著的影響，但是不同的地圖導向方式之間卻存在顯著的差異，其中又以車行導向系統造成的錯誤最少，而主效果的交互作用對於導航正確性並無顯著的影響。在錯誤回復方面，地圖資訊階層與地圖導向方式同時都有顯著的影響，但是其間卻不存在交互作用；因此高地圖資訊階層的地圖搭配車行導向的顯示模式，應是高齡駕駛員執行錯誤回復駕車作業時最佳的介面組合。本研究亦針對各種地圖資訊階層與導向方式之間的介面組合進行更進一部的說明與討論。

The present study examines how older adults respond to an in-vehicle navigation interface under manipulation of map rotation and map hierarchy. 8 senior subjects participated in a simulation experiment where their performances in road identification and error-turn recovery were evaluated. The study used a within-subject factorial design in which each subject received a series of 6 test treatments comprising 3 levels of map hierarchy in terms of information completeness and two types of map rotation. The results indicated that map rotation had significant effects on the older subject’s accuracy of road identification, while map hierarchy and the hierarchy x rotation interaction exhibited no significant effects. With respect to error-turn recovery, the results revealed that both map hierarchy and rotation have significant effects but no interaction existed. It was suggested that for older drivers, a digital map with complete spatial information is required in relation to a north-up interface, whilst the demand of spatial information decreases when track-up orientation is displayed. Further implications for the design of in-vehicle navigation interface for the aged were discussed within the context of aging and spatial cognition.