大陸中醫藥教育

Chinese Medical Education in Mainland China

大陸地區一般教育水準如與世界各國來比，仍有相當距離。唯獨中醫教育卻相當先進。但全國各地區社經情形不同，中醫教育仍分高等教育與中等教育兩階段。高等教育的中醫學院，最初開始在一九五六年，先成立北京、上海、廣州、成都四所中醫學院，兩年後，一九五八年成立南京中醫學院，現均已改制為大學。全國現有高等教育院校三十二所，在校學生人數約三萬人。另中等學校程度的中醫中學學校共七十七所，在學學生亦有三萬人，畢業學生稱中醫士、中藥士。以上兩種正規學校教育出身的學生，均可以畢業文憑就業，不必再參加國家檢覈考試。現全國中醫中藥就業人口約六十萬人。因學校正規教育尚不足以供應全部所需人才。亦實施「中醫畢業自學考試」。中央訂有法規，由各地區自行舉辦。更因全部就業人口中，因程度參差，故頗重視中醫繼續教育。現在實施者有「函授學校」、「中醫夜大學」。另因大陸為聯合國會員國，故與聯合國WHO合作辦理國際針灸培訓中心，據謂已為世界一百二十餘國培育了一千二百餘位針灸醫師。另有一相當先進的措施為「中西醫結合制度」，規定西醫師從事二年工作之後，可在「脫產」進入中醫學系修讀中醫，稱中西結合醫師。現全國已有五千餘人。另有中醫藥研究院（所），全國共五十七所，最著名者為中國中醫研究院，全院職工四千五百餘人，亦招收碩士、博士學生。

Education the PRC still lags behind world standards, with the sole exception of Chinese medicine However, Chinese medical education varies from higher to intermediate-level according to local economic and social conditions. Higher-level Chinese medical education started in 1956 when the colleges of Peking, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu were given university status. There are now 32 colleges of higher education with a combined student population of about 30,000. There are 77 intermediate-level schools of Chinese medicine, with again, about 30,000 students who receive the title of Chinese medical healer (醫士) and Chinese druggist (藥士). All students graduating from both levels can practice without having to take any additional national examination. Thus there is now a combined total 600,000 medical workers. Because regular education in shcools cannot meet the full demand for health personnel, there is a1so a ”Chinese medical graduate self-study examination,” which is held by local authorities according to central regulations. Furthermore, because of the differences in levels of education, considerable emphasis is placed on continuing education in Chinese medicine. Now there are ”open universities” and Chinese medical night universities.” Because mainland China is a member of the United Nations and World Health Organization, it also runs acupuncture training centers, which have trained more than 1,200 acupuncturists from 120 countries. In addition, there are progressive provisions for ”integration of Chinese and Western medicine,” by which Western medical doctors who have completed two years of service to enter Chinese medical faculties to China has a total of 57 Chinese medical postgraduate institutes, the most prestigious of which is the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine which employs a staff of 4,500 and trains both master's and Ph.D. students.