家庭環境與嬰兒認知與動作能力發展的關係

Home Environment and the Mental and Motor Development of Infants and Toddlers

本研究目的在於修訂Bradley與Caldwell編訂之家庭環境評量表，使之成為研究我國嬰兒之適當工具，進而分析父母親教育程度、職業，家庭型態，嬰兒出生序等家庭背景因素對於父母為嬰兒建構之生活經驗的影響，此外本研究之另一目的在以家庭環境評量表為工具、探討家庭環境與嬰兒智力及動作能力發展間的關係。研究受試為600名2、6、12、18及24個月大之嬰兒，其智力與動作能力的測量則以具萊嬰兒發展量表中之心理量表與動作量表為工具。本研究之主要結果計有（一）修訂後之Bradley與Caldwell家庭環境量表共49題，其庫李信度為0.39－0.86之間，穩定係數為0.37－0.54之間，觀察者問一致性為85.57－98.21之間。（二）父母的教育程度是影響父母為嬰兒建構之生活經驗品質最重要的因素，其次為母親就業與否及嬰兒之出生序。㈢家庭環境與早期嬰兒智力與動作能力發展的關係，受年齡因素的影響，在18至24個月後方始顯著。其中最為重要的刺激為提供適為的玩具，提供接受多樣性刺激的機會，以及總量表分數。

The purposes of this study are firstly to revise The Bradley and Caldwell Home Observation For Measurement of Envirinment to make it a suitable instrument for studying chinese infants, secondly to investigate the relationship between family background factors and the home environment of the subjects, and thirdly to investigate the relationship between home environment and the cognitive and motor development of infants, The subjects of this study are 600 infants, There are 5 age groups of 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 month old. Each subject had been given Home Observation For Measurement of Environment and Bayley Infant Scales of Development. The main findings are as the following: 1. The revised Home Observation For Measurement of Environment includes 49 items, They are devided into six subscales as the original scale. The internal consistancy coefficients of the scale are between 0.39 to 0.86. The stability coefficients are from 0.37 to 0.54. 2. Both Father's and mother's educational level of the subjects are the most importment factors to relate to their scors of Home Obsvervation for Measurement of Environment. 3. The relationship between home environment and early cognitive and motor devellopment interacts with the age of the subjects. It becomes significgnt around the age of 18-24month. The significant factors are mother's providing variety of toys and providing opportunities to accept different kinds of stimulus.