論心理何以可能——一種政治經濟學批判視角

On the Possibility of Mind: From the Perspective of the Critique of Political Economy

對心理何以可能的政治經濟學設問即經由Marx（馬克思）的政治經濟學批判視角重新清理心理學的前提和界限。它從Descartes（笛卡爾）以來的意識的內在性這一問題式出發，爬梳自Descartes開始，經過Wundt（馮特）一直到Marx一以貫之的思想史線索，說明Wundt開創的現代心理學如何深埋在Descartes的意識的內在性之中，而Marx如何憑藉其感性對象性活動從中超逸而出，從而為澄清心理和心理學的前提與界限提供了一種批判性框架，並指認了心理何以是一個現代性的觀念，而心理學何以是一門現代性的學科。與這種思想史的純粹「思辨天國」邏輯秘密地內在勾連的是現實大地之上的資本主義在全球空間和現代時間的普遍布展。與資本「同謀」的心理和心理學作為最具彈性的革命替代方案，它不停地生產和再生產著適應資本主義全球體系的市民主體，成為資本主義治理更具迷惑性的新形式。而只有通過政治經濟學批判的視角我們才可能獲得這種「歷史認識論」的深刻判斷。

The political economic studies of the possibility of psychology require a re-clarification of the premise and boundaries of psychology from the perspective of Marx's critique of political economy. Starting from the problem of the immanence of consciousness invented by Descartes, the present article combs the consistent thread of intellectual history from Wundt to Marx to elaborate how modern psychology pioneered by Wundt is deeply rooted in the Cartesian immanence of consciousness. Marx broke the deadlock of the immanence of consciousness via his sensuous-objective (gegenständliche) activity so as to provide a critical framework to clarify the premise and the boundaries of psychology and to identify why the mind is a modern concept and psychology a modern discipline. It is the universal deployment of capitalism in the global space and modern times ”down to earth” that is secretly articulated with this sort of pure intellectual logic above in the ”speculative kingdom of heaven.” In complicity with capitalism, mind and psychology as the most flexible agenda which substitute revolution, they keep producing and reproducing the citizen-subjects which are compatible with the global system of capitalism and thus become a more disguised new form of capitalist governance. And it is only through the critique of political economy that this kind of profound judgment at the level of historical epistemology can be obtained.