臨床心理學在學校的應用

The Application of Clinical Psychology in School Settings

過去台灣的臨床心理師服務場域多半集中在醫療與社區場域。近年為因應學校輔導體系的需要以及擴大臨床心理專業服務領域，亟需考慮此專業在學校裡的應用，進而建立臨床心理師在校園內的服務模式。台北市教育局在1997至1998年度執行「國民中學試辦設置專業輔導人員實施計劃」，由臨床心理師與社工師在國中校園進行駐校服務。駐校臨床心理師的主要工作目標為促進學生的學習發展與適應。因此，臨床心理師須對教育有足夠的了解，運用基礎心理學與臨床心理學的知識，採用系統論觀點，利用心理衡鑑技術，評估學生本身的特性，以及其家庭、學校乃至社區對其適應不良問題的影響，再針對不同的對象進行適當的心理處置。本文並提出未來臨床心理師進入校園須考慮的角色定位、專業訓練與督導等議題，期望對於臨床心理師進入學校輔導體系以及臨床心理學在台灣的發展形成拋磚引玉之效。

In the past, the service field for clinical psychologists was mostly limited to community and medical associations. In the recent years, in order to meet the needs of school guidance and to expand the range of clinical service, the service field has been extended to school settings. According to the Pilot Project of the Implementation of Professional Counselors in Junior High School in 1997 and 1998, a group of clinical psychologists and social workers were recruited to provide school-based service. The primary goal of school-based clinical psychologists is to improve students’ learning development and adaptation to the school environment. Therefore, the clinical psychologists need to have adequate understanding of school education so that they can conduct psychological assessment through the framework of systems theory and through the application of their profession in general and clinical psychology. Additionally, they are required to provide appropriate psychological intervention based on students’ characteristics and on their developmental difficulties in schools, families and even the communities. This article also provides suggestions for future reforms concerning such issues as role recognition, professional training and supervision. Hopefully, it will shed light on the school-based service as well as on the development of clinical psychology in Taiwan.