受暴婦女的充權：社工復原力訓練及督導之整合模式

Empowering Battered Women: An Integrative Model of Incorporating Resilience in Social Work Training and Supervision

本文以某社福基金會推動復原力的經驗為例，說明如何運用充權及復原力理念於員工在職訓練及社會工作督導來從事婦女保護工作。復原力提出具體可介入的工作方法，強調賦予困境正面意義、無條件接納、增強當事人的支持系統、操練技能、強化自尊及發展幽默感、生活秩序、生命意義的重要性；和充權社會工作的接納、傾聽、減低當事人的自責、提昇自尊、運用資源等理念不謀而合。充權的取向更提醒從社會文化結構理解受暴的處境、釐清暴力責任歸屬的重要面向。透過員工在職訓練與社工督導，嚐試將復原力及充權的理念與方法，落實在工作場域中協助受暴婦女案主。員工回饋參加訓練所學之復原力的概念及方法，體現在工作態度、實務工作方法上，主要有正向觀點、尊重及接納程度增加、客觀性、與案主平等的態度、服務敏感度的增加。未來的訓練與督導可再加強批判性思考、女性自覺、反暴力壓迫等充權工作。而復原力成果發表的集體創意，更示範了提升能量、勇敢表達 ／現，呈現婦女和工作員共同創造出改變的充權過程，也具體展現在職訓練和督導的成果。

This paper was based on the staff development program implemented by a private social welfare organization. “Resilience” had long been adopted as a key concept working with such disadvantaged women till a more complete staff training program on resilience was installed by the agency district supervisor with the assistance from an outside consultant in 2005. The program consists of setting up the training manual, one-day training, six case conferences and two workshops on “stress management and building resilience of staff”. The paper reviews background knowledge of resilience mainly from two resources. Firstly, the key components introduced by Vanistendal as ways of building resilience ; on his analogy of blocks : acceptance, informal social support, self esteem, finding order and meanings in life, using humor and enhancing skills, are all crucial to the resilient person. Secondly, historical review of empowerment in social work including Sue’s theory on working with minority is also illustrated to cover the macro-level aspect. These two orientations are combined in the training of servicing battered women. Feedback from the attending staff was gathered and the result showed fairly strong support for declaring resilience as the agency central philosophical framework. Staff expressed learning in adapting positive perspective, increase in respectfulness, acceptance, objectivity and sensitivity. The stress management workshop was considered highly supportive and interactive and meeting the needs of the staff. Examples of how resilience is incorporated in different areas of works are illustrated, and the final celebration of “ a resilience day” was arranged at the end of the training. Different centers presented how they applied the concept according to the different nature of their work. The collective expression was not only fun and creative but also demonstrating mutually empowering processes between the women and their social workers. Samples of the programs are shared in this paper. It is noted from the case conferences that more critical thinking of the disempowering aspects of social cultural conditions is needed to be further enhanced. Also expanding the advocacy role and connecting with services for the perpetrators in the protective network of the battered women are of importance in future training.