臺灣東南亞籍女性配偶的健康概念、自覺健康狀態及健康促進生活型態之研究

Study of the Health Concepts, Perceived Health Status and Health Promoting Life Style of the Southeast Asian Women in Taiwan

隨著外籍配偶在台人數的日異遞增，其健康照護議題已成為國家衛生政策的重要一環。目前國內外籍配偶的研究範疇，大都集中在識字學習、孕期衛教、子女教養等，對於健康促進生活型態及健康概念等層面的研究，仍是有限。故本研究目的在探討台灣東南亞籍女性配偶之人口學特性、健康概念、自覺健康狀態及健康促進生活型態間之關係，以及健康促進生活型態之預測因素。本研究採橫斷式調查法和方便取樣方式，用結構式問卷共收集195位高雄市六所國小所開設的外籍配偶識字學習專班學員。研究結果發現：國籍、原國籍教育程度、台灣教育年數、工作狀態等四個變項，在健康促進生活型態的執行上有顯著差異。健康概念、自覺健康狀態與健康促進生活型態呈顯著正相關(p< .01)；健康概念、自覺健康狀態、原國籍教育程度等三個變項，可解釋健康促進生活型態變異量的33.4％。研究者建議未來在推動台灣東南亞籍女性配偶健康促進政策時，宜先深入探討此族群背景相關因素，已作為未來政策推動之參考。

Due to the increasing number of foreign spouses, health care for this specific population has become a significant issue in Taiwan. Currently, researches on the foreign spouses here are mostly focused on fundamental reading and writing abilities, prenatal education, and parenting. Studies on health promoting lifestyles and concepts are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the correlations among demographic, health concepts, perceived health status, and health-promoting lifestyles, and also identify the predicting factors of health-promoting lifestyle among the Southeast Asian female foreign spouses in Taiwan. The study used a cross-sectional descriptive correlation design with the convenient sampling method. One hundred and ninety five Southeast Asian female foreign spouses who were taking Chinese literacy courses in six elementary schools funded by the Kaohsiung County government were invited to participate in this study. The factors which affected the health promoting lifestyles of the foreign spouses were nationality, educational background from their original countries, and period of time receiving education in Taiwan, economic status, and self-job status. Health promoting lifestyles and health conceptions; health promoting lifestyles and perceived health status; are positively correlated. About 33.4% of the variation of health promoting lifestyles could be explained by health concepts, perceived health status, educational background from their original countries. Overall, the results of this study could support Pender’s health promotion model. It also could be applied as an important reference for the government officials and nursing practice to promote foreign spouses’ health in Taiwan.